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Health and medicine
Course: Health and medicine > Unit 9
Lesson 7: Depression and related disorders- What is depression?
- Introduction to psychology - Depression and major depressive disorder
- Diagnosing depression
- Introduction to psychology - Depression and bipolar disorder
- Diagnosing bipolar disorder
- Types of depression and bipolar disorder in the DSM5
- Biological basis of depression
- Risk factors for bipolar disorder
- Treating depression with antidepressants
- Treatments for depression - Psychological therapies
- Treatments for bipolar disorder
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Introduction to psychology - Depression and bipolar disorder
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Want to join the conversation?
- What makes the big differences between bipolar disorder 1 or 2?(7 votes)
- Bipolar I mania includes the presence of psychosis, especially delusions, but Bipolar II hypomania does not. For instance, when in a manic state, a person with Bipolar I may believe they are a 'chosen one' and can do whatever they want without punishment. Therefore, Bipolar I usually reads to more extreme risk-taking behaviours than Bipolar II.(11 votes)
- can isolation be a effect of depression ? Can people with post traumatic stress disorder have depression? Also can depression develop with age ? (sorry for all the questions))(2 votes)
- Yes, many people with depression isolate themselves. Yes. In fact, most people with post-traumatic stress disorders have depression.
Depression doesn't necessarily develop with age, it can occur any time.
Depression can occur from an event that takes place in one's life, say a death of a loved one. Or perhaps someone is more prone to depression, because it runs in the family; meaning that relatives had depression too.
Teenagers are more prone to depression because they go through puberty and adolescent, which there hormones are not working at a normal rate.
Depression can occur any time, whether someone is of the age of 12 or 71.(3 votes)
- can depression cause haedaches and migrains such as lack of sleep?(2 votes)
- I have worked in mental health for 5+ years at a community mental health facility and in an acute setting at a hospital. One of the common misconceptions is that depressed people sleep all the time. This is not always true, depressed individuals have a range of symptoms including pain all over, lack of sleep (insomnia), lack of appetite, and inability to self care (bathe, use the restroom, etc).(3 votes)
- is masochist and sadism considered a mental illness ?(1 vote)
- Yes, they are considered Psychological Disorders.(2 votes)
- so masochist and sadism are considered mental disorders right so how are they made , like for example is it something genetic like Bipolar disorder or can masochist and sadism be a reslut of trauma or abuse at a young age, or could it be both?(1 vote)
- They aren't necessary genetic. The reason people develop these disorders is because there is something wrong in their brain, like maybe too much of a certain neurotransmitter or when they were formed during the mother's pregnancy, there brain did not fully develop right.
They typically have thoughts that aren't normal; they would be considered a Psychopath or Sociopath, depending on how they behave and what type of disorder they have.
It can be genetic if the disorders run in your family, but is not likely to pass on through every offspring or child, if you will.
You can tell if someone is masochist or a sadist by looking at there background history. Did they kill small animals at a young age? What type of personality did the person have as a young child?
There's many factors putting in place that you would have to research.(2 votes)
- When your bipolar you don't have control of your emotions right? Like you can be sooo happy or sooo sad and not know why.(1 vote)
- Yup!! Sometimes there will be triggers to it, though, and then it would be more of extreme and uncontrollable emotions but with a known cause.
I hope this helps!!(1 vote)
- Do any of the bipolar disorders have manic episodes where the person has similar symptoms to paranoid schizophrenia such as delusions of people that hurt them or everyone being out to hurt them.(1 vote)
Video transcript
- [Voiceover] One disorder
that is very related to depression is bipolar disorder. And this disorder used to be referred to as manic depressive disorder. But this term, bipolar disorder, it describes a condition
where an individual swings from extreme emotional highs to extreme emotional lows. And people generally have
ups and downs in their life, and that is totally normal. But this is something that's different. The individual will have
periods of depression with all of the symptoms that we would see with major depressive disorder. But in addition to this
they will also have periods of mania, an overexcited,
unrealistically optimistic state. People experiencing mania
have a ton of energy. They are euphoric and optimistic, and they have very high self-esteem. And maybe you are thinking to yourself that really doesn't sound that bad. It sounds like it would be a good time, and I could probably
get a lot of work done. And for mild forms of mania, which are sometimes
referred to as hypomania, this can be true. They do have a lot of energy, and they don't really need to sleep a lot. So they get a lot done. And they also feel good. So they might also deny
that anything is wrong. But if the manic stage continues, if it becomes full-blown mania, then all of this is taken to the extreme. And the begin to make poor decisions without any regard for the consequences. They might max out their
credit cards while shopping or they could end up in financial distress or lose their life savings
because they impulsively backed an unrealistic business venture. They also might engage
in reckless behavior, things like driving too fast or engaging in risky sexual behavior. And while they might
have initially benefited from the creative out-of-the-box thinking that can come on with the onset of mania, these thoughts can soon transform
into delusions of grandeur and completely unrealistic ideas. So if depression feels like everything is going in slow motion, mania would be everything
going in fast-forward. They don't sleep, their heart races. They have racing thoughts. And after all of this, they crash because mania is often followed by intense depressive episodes. But as we implied before, not all hypomanic episodes
develop into full mania. And when they do, we refer
to it as Bipolar I Disorder. And when they don't, when
they cycle through hypomania without going into a full manic state, we refer to this as Bipolar II Disorder. The way I like to think
about these two disorders and how they relate to
major depressive disoders is using a graph. And let's say that this line here represents the normal mood of
a completely average person. So here we have positive moods, and down here we have negative moods. And let's say that average
Joe is basically a happy guy. He usually has a good mood. And he also has the normal ups and downs that happen in life. Maybe he gets a job and
then loses that job. And maybe he meets someone he loves. But through everything that occurs, he basically has normal cycling
around this average line. Individuals with depression might also cycle normally for a bit. But sometimes their moods can plunge down to incredibly negative moods, well below what we would expect to see. And then we have bipolar disorder. And let's look at
Bipolar Disorder I first. And I'll use this pink color for it. And these individuals might
also start off cycling normally. But sometimes they will
also show periods of mania as well as periods of depression. Bipolar II Disorder has a
somewhat similar trajectory. These individuals can also cycle normally. But then they have periods of depression and periods of hypomania. And so this part up here
represents hypomania. And you can see that it's higher than the normal positive
moods that average Joe has. But it's also lower than what
we would see with Bipolar I. And obviously, this chart is not to scale. There is no line here indicating exactly how positive someone's mood
is or how negative it is. But if you're trying to picture how these disorders relate to each other, this graph is a pretty good way to do it.