Question 1

What parts of the internet aren't part of the World Wide Web?

Accepted Answer

Email or messaging would be one example, file sharing over the file transmission protocol would be another. 
The world wide web is generally the part of the internet that you access using the HTTP (webpages).

Question 2

Are DNS, HTTP and TLS protocols exclusive to the World Wide Web?

Accepted Answer

TLS is widely used outside of the www to secure network communication like messaging or email.

DNS isn't a protocol but rather a naming system.
I guess you could use DNS to handle a private network if it's large enough, but it's primarily used for the internet.

You could use HTTP on a private network, for instance an intranet might provide webpages for its members.

Question 3

So, is the world wide web on an upper layer than the internet or vice versa?

Accepted Answer

The World Wide Web is a subset of the superset that is the internet.

Question 4

What's an Internet protocol? Is it a law governing what should and shouldn't be online?

Accepted Answer

Internet Protocol or IP is a set of requirements for addressing and routing data on the internet. It allows devices to contact each other. HTTP and HTTPS are forms of IP. It could be thought of as rules, but it's more just a set of requirements. If the item does not meet the requirements it doesn't work.

Question 5

Which websites shouldn't we trust? How do we know if it's a false website?

Accepted Answer

There are some ways.

First - try to remember websites' domain names to which you may transfer sensitive information. For example your hospital site is princeton-plainsboro.med. You want to send them your blood test results you made in other clinic. Your health information is personal and sensitive information and shouldn't be shared without your consent. So you google Princeton Plainsboro and click first link. You are directed to very much similar site with domain name princeton-plainsb0ro.med. As you can see there is a difference in domain names. So you got into fishing site. They can even have SSL certificate but even then they can steal your data.

Second - if you are planning to transfer ANY data to a site check if site is reached via HTTPS and has a valid SSL certificate. Browsers usually show a locked lock sign before a address line if there is a valid SSL certificate. That certificate is used to encrypt data you send to server and reverse.

Question 6

How are the web, URLs and DNS related?

Accepted Answer

The full answer to that question is way too long to fit in here, but here's a medium-sized version:

First of all, it's important to note that although all three systems are related, they can also each be used *individually*. However, when we're talking specifically about the Web, the structure looks something like this:

┌—————————————┐
│     ┌————————┐ │  
│     │     ┌———┐ │ │
│Web │DNS │URLs│ │ │
│     │     └———┘ │ │
│     └————————┘ │
└—————————————┘

To show how they are connected, take this example:

Part 1: URLs

URLs are strings used to locate resources within a computer network, like the Web.

In this example, you want to visit the Khan Academy "Computing" page, and you know the URL. The URL structure looks like this:

HTTP     Khan Academy   "computing"
Secure         Site        subdirectory
┌┴─┐┌──────┴──────┐┌──┴──┐
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing

So now we have a string that indicates the location of a web page, but we have no idea where in the world it is located. This is where DNS comes in.

Part 2: DNS

DNS is like the phone book of the Internet; it takes in domain names (much like human names) and turns them into IP addresses (much like phone numbers).

So the domain name _https://​www.khanacademy.org_ (ignore the _https://_) is sent to a *DNS* server, which looks in its database, and finds something like this:

_https://www.khanacademy.org_ = 151.101.53.42

It then sends the IP address _151.101.53.42_ back to your computer.

Part 3: Web

Finally, your device has all the information it needs. It sends out a request to the Khan Academy server located at IP address 151.101.53.42 with the *URL* _https://www.khanacademy.org/computing_.

The server replies with the *web* page showing all the computing courses on Khan Academy.

I have left out a few details, so if you want to learn more of the specifics of how this all works, I suggest reading Wikipedia.

Question 7

How do you classify parts, if they are from the world wide web or not?

Accepted Answer

Here is a video that may help to clarify the difference: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/47523993

AP®︎/College Computer Science Principles

Course: AP®︎/College Computer Science Principles > Unit 2

The World Wide Web

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