Development of Portable Belief Systems

Disagreement over who should rule after Muhammad split the ummah into Sunni and Shi’a Muslims

When the expansion of Islam came to a halt, the split happened naturally as believers were spread across vast distances.

When the expansion of Islam continued, Muslim-ruled empires came up with their own codified Islamic laws.

Disagreement over interpretations of the Qur’an split the ummah into Sunni and Shi’a Muslims