Where can I find a lesson about participle, participial phrases, gerunds, and gerunds phrases?

Participle: http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participlephrase.htm Participial phrase: http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participlephrase.htm Gerund: https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_1.htm Gerund phrase: http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/gerund-phrase/

“Working for himself” is this a phrase or a clause

Phrase. It's like a sentence fragment if it wasn't with the rest of the sentence

The wizard who cast a spell - this is not a clause. only who cast a spell is a clause. A relative one.

Good catch. Send this to David Rheinstrom, and maybe he'll issue a correction!

Hi, I'm having a tough time really comprehending the differences between clauses and phrases. I've tried about everything but for some reason, it isn't working. Any tips or keywords that would help me? Thanks!

A phrase is just a group of words that, when used in a sentence, functions like a single word. A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence is a noun phrase. EXAMPLE: "Three women went to the graveyard." (Three women is a noun phrase). A group of words that functions as an adjective is an adjective phrase. EXAMPLE: The big round stone was rolled away. ("The big round" is an adjective phrase). A group of words that functions as an adverb is an adverb phrase. EXAMPLE: How silently the wondrous gift is given. ("How silently" is an adverb phrase) OK. On to clauses: Clauses are like sentences. They have both a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand on its own with a period at its end and be a sentence. EXAMPLE: Jesus likes pizza. A dependent clause also has a subject and a verb, but it can't stand on its own as a sentence because it has an added word that makes it unable to stand alone. EXAMPLE: Mary, who likes cannoli... (because of the "who" in there, the clause is dependent) I hope that helped.

having invited herself in

That's a dependent clause. "Having invited herself in, Samantha made a martini and took a stool at his bar."

how do you tell whether it is an adjective or an adverb phrase?

Let's start here: An adjective modifies a noun. So, if the phrase is modifying a noun, it's an adjective phrase. An adverb modifies averb, an adjective, or another adverb. SO, if the phrase is modifying a verb, adjective or adverb, it's an adverb phrase. The key thing to ask is, "how does this phrase function in this sentence?" Answer that question, and you'll know what kind of phrase it is.

At 1:20 Rosie classifies "for twenty days" as a phrase, but I've seen in many novels characters saying things like "I've been waiting. For twenty days." Is that non-grammatical then?

Yes. It wouldn't be grammatically correct, due to standard English conventions. However, many authors choose to "bend the rules" like that in order to place a greater effect and make the reader actually pay attention to the way things are worded. In your example, splitting the sentence like that serves to accentuate the adverbial phrase, so that it seems more extreme and evocative.

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Grammar

Course: Grammar > Unit 8

Lesson 4: Phrases and clauses

Phrases and clauses

Name: Phrases and clauses
Uploaded: 2016-08-23T18:56:39Z
Description: A phrase is any collection of words that behaves like a part of speech, like a noun phrase (“my brother Stu”), an adjectival phrase (“in a different shade of blue”), or an adverbial phrase (“with elegance and tact”). A clause is any noun phrase plus a verb; they can be sentences, but they don’t always have to be. You’ll see!

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A phrase is any collection of words that behaves like a part of speech, like a noun phrase (“my brother Stu”), an adjectival phrase (“in a different shade of blue”), or an adverbial phrase (“with elegance and tact”). A clause is any noun phrase plus a verb; they can be sentences, but they don’t always have to be. You’ll see!

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alice
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to alice's post “Where can I find a lesson...”
Where can I find a lesson about participle, participial phrases, gerunds, and gerunds phrases?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on alice's post “Where can I find a lesson...”
(38 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Participle: http://www.ch...”
  Participle: http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participlephrase.htm
  Participial phrase: http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participlephrase.htm
  Gerund: https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_1.htm
  Gerund phrase: http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/gerund-phrase/
  Comment on David Alexander's post “Participle: http://www.ch...”
  (54 votes)
aashay
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to aashay's post ““Working for himself” is ...”
“Working for himself” is this a phrase or a clause
Button navigates to signup pageComment on aashay's post ““Working for himself” is ...”
(23 votes)
Answer
- ApolloDragon
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to ApolloDragon's post “Phrase. It's like a sente...”
  Phrase. It's like a sentence fragment if it wasn't with the rest of the sentence
  Comment on ApolloDragon's post “Phrase. It's like a sente...”
  (8 votes)
margaret sullivan
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to margaret sullivan's post “The wizard who cast a sp...”
The wizard who cast a spell - this is not a clause. only who cast a spell is a clause. A relative one.
Button navigates to signup pageComment on margaret sullivan's post “The wizard who cast a sp...”
(21 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Good catch. Send this to ...”
  Good catch. Send this to David Rheinstrom, and maybe he'll issue a correction!
  Comment on David Alexander's post “Good catch. Send this to ...”
  (6 votes)
Mvps2006
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Mvps2006's post “Hi, I'm having a tough ti...”
Hi, I'm having a tough time really comprehending the differences between clauses and phrases. I've tried about everything but for some reason, it isn't working. Any tips or keywords that would help me? Thanks!
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(8 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “A phrase is just a group ...”
  A phrase is just a group of words that, when used in a sentence, functions like a single word. A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence is a noun phrase.
  EXAMPLE: "Three women went to the graveyard." (Three women is a noun phrase).
  A group of words that functions as an adjective is an adjective phrase. EXAMPLE: The big round stone was rolled away. ("The big round" is an adjective phrase).
  A group of words that functions as an adverb is an adverb phrase. EXAMPLE: How silently the wondrous gift is given. ("How silently" is an adverb phrase)
  
  OK. On to clauses: Clauses are like sentences. They have both a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand on its own with a period at its end and be a sentence. EXAMPLE: Jesus likes pizza.
  
  A dependent clause also has a subject and a verb, but it can't stand on its own as a sentence because it has an added word that makes it unable to stand alone. EXAMPLE: Mary, who likes cannoli... (because of the "who" in there, the clause is dependent)
  
  I hope that helped.
  Comment on David Alexander's post “A phrase is just a group ...”
  (13 votes)
Leah Wasacz
Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Leah Wasacz's post “In "Phrases and clauses,"...”
In "Phrases and clauses," Rosie says that "The wizard who cast a spell" is an example of a dependent clause. Is it though? It doesn't start with a subordinating conjunction, which "Dependent and independent clauses" says a dependent clause must have. It looks to me more like it is a noun phrase, right? Or am I off base here?

(This happens at about
2:05
in the video)
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(11 votes)
Answer
- Mrs.V
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Mrs.V's post “I was thinking something ...”
  I was thinking something similar. "Who cast a spell" is an independent clause used adjectivally here to describe "the wizard." We know which wizard is being spoken of because the adjective clause points him out; he's the one who cast a spell. In the video, they called the whole group of words a clause because it contains a clause, and they said it was dependent because it can't stand alone as a sentence. However, analyzing how this whole group of words would act in a sentence leads back to your suggestion that it is a noun phrase. This is because, in a sentence, it would act as a single part of speech. Good thinking!
  Comment on Mrs.V's post “I was thinking something ...”
  (0 votes)
MoonTiger153
Posted 2 years ago. Direct link to MoonTiger153's post “"The best ham sandwich in...”
"The best ham sandwich in Oklahoma. Phrase or clause?" I'd say it's lunch but ok.
Button navigates to signup pageComment on MoonTiger153's post “"The best ham sandwich in...”
(7 votes)
Answer
Sanji Lee
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Sanji Lee's post “At 1:20 Rosie classifies ...”
At
1:20
Rosie classifies "for twenty days" as a phrase, but I've seen in many novels characters saying things like "I've been waiting. For twenty days." Is that non-grammatical then?
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(3 votes)
Answer
- Hecretary Bird
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post “Yes. It wouldn't be gramm...”
  Yes. It wouldn't be grammatically correct, due to standard English conventions. However, many authors choose to "bend the rules" like that in order to place a greater effect and make the reader actually pay attention to the way things are worded. In your example, splitting the sentence like that serves to accentuate the adverbial phrase, so that it seems more extreme and evocative.
  Comment on Hecretary Bird's post “Yes. It wouldn't be gramm...”
  (11 votes)
leannafwalker
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to leannafwalker's post “One of the senteces that ...”
One of the senteces that I had on a quesion had two independent clauses and no dependent clauses. Is that possible?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on leannafwalker's post “One of the senteces that ...”
(8 votes)
Answer
esteban sepulveda
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to esteban sepulveda's post “having invited herself in”
having invited herself in
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(4 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “That's a dependent clause...”
  That's a dependent clause. "Having invited herself in, Samantha made a martini and took a stool at his bar."
  Comment on David Alexander's post “That's a dependent clause...”
  (4 votes)
mariana
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to mariana's post “how do you tell whether i...”
how do you tell whether it is an adjective or an adverb phrase?
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(4 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Let's start here: An adj...”
  Let's start here: An adjective modifies a noun. So, if the phrase is modifying a noun, it's an adjective phrase.
  
  An adverb modifies averb, an adjective, or another adverb. SO, if the phrase is modifying a verb, adjective or adverb, it's an adverb phrase.
  
  The key thing to ask is, "how does this phrase function in this sentence?" Answer that question, and you'll know what kind of phrase it is.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (2 votes)

Video transcript

- [Voiceover] Hello, grammarians. Hello Rosie. - [Voiceover] Hello, David. - [Voiceover] So, okay, you know the Schoolhouse Rock song Conjunction Junction? - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] Classic. - [Voiceover] Classic. - [Voiceover] So in that song, you know, the chorus asks, like, ♫ Conjunction junction, what's your function ♫ And then the engineer played by Jack Sheldon goes, ♫ Hooking up words and phrases and clauses ♫ And so that's what we're gonna be talking about today is the difference between a phrase and a clause, because both of them are groups of words, right? Phrases and clauses are both groups of words but they each do different things. So let's break that down. So, Rosie, if you'd please, what is a phrase? - [Voiceover] So phrase is a group of words and it acts like a single part of speech, but it's not, it will never be a full sentence, because phrases don't have both a subject and a verb. - [Voiceover] Right, so a phrase can never be a sentence. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] What are some examples of phrases? - [Voiceover] My best friend. - [Voiceover] So this is a group of words that ultimately behaves like a noun? - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] Okay. - [Voiceover] Then there's an adjective phrase, with the blue shirt. - [Voiceover] So this is a prepositional phrase that, as you said, is behaving like an adjective. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] Okay. - [Voiceover] And then for 20 days, which behaves like an adverb. - [Voiceover] So this is a noun phrase, an adjective phrase and an adverbial phrase. So none of these things can be sentences, but they all, like you said, act like parts of speech. Okay, meanwhile a clause is a group of words that can be a sentence? - [Voiceover] It's not always a sentence, but the big difference between phrases and clauses is that clauses do have both a subject and a verb. - [Voiceover] So it's not, it can't be a phrase because a phrase is just one part of speech, but a clause always has a noun or pronoun component and a verb component. - [Voiceover] That's right. - [Voiceover] Okay. - [Voiceover] So, a clause could be a dependent clause which can't stand on its own. For example, the wizard who cast a spell. Right, that can't be its own sentence, but it's got a lot going on. - [Voiceover] So that's not a sentence, but it can also be independent. - [Voiceover] Right, so, if we said, "The wizard cast a spell," that's also a clause, and it's also its own sentence. - [Voiceover] So let's test a couple of things and see if they are phrases or clauses. - [Voiceover] Okay. - [Voiceover] The falcon soared majestically. So this is a group of words. And we've got the falcon here, that's a noun phrase, that's behaving like a part of speech. So I know that this definitely has a phrase in it, but is it just a phrase on its own? I guess I would have to say no, because it's got this verb, soared, and this adverb, majectically. So, the falcon soared majestically, I would have to say this is a clause. Would I be right? - [Voiceover] You would be right. - [Voiceover] Hooray! - [Voiceover] That's not only a clause, but it's an independent clause. - [Voiceover] So it can be its own sentence. With a period right. So let's get a little bit of a George Harrison in here. While my guitar gently weeps. So we've got a subject in here, my guitar, and a verb, weeps. So we know it's a clause, but it begins with this word while, which is, I think, a subordinating conjunction. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] So this would be actually a dependent clause, but it is a clause, so this thing could not be a sentence on it's own. - [Voiceover] That's right. - [Voiceover] Now Rosie, what about the best ham sandwich in Oklahoma? Is that a phrase or a clause? - [Voiceover] That is a phrase. - [Voiceover] Okay, why is that? - [Voiceover] We don't have a verb. This is all a subject, and we've got the best, so we've kind of got this superlative thrown in there. - [Voiceover] But it's all modifying ham sandwich. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] It's actually all modifying sandwich, 'cause it's the best ham sandwich. And then we've got this other prepositional phrase that also modifies sandwich. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] So that's a phrase. How about under the ocean blue? - [Voiceover] That is a phrase. - [Voiceover] Okay. What makes you say that? - [Voiceover] Well, again, we don't have a verb, so we've got a subject, the ocean, and we have under, that's a preposition, so we have kind of a direction and a subject, we have a direction and a place, but we don't have an action. - [Voiceover] And that would make it a phrase and not a clause. So, phrases are groups of words that act like parts of speech, so this one, for example, is an adjectival or adverbial phrase. We don't know because, we don't know what it's modifying. And this one is a noun phrase, the best ham sandwich in Oklahoma. It's behaving like a noun. And clauses are groups of phrases that have a subject and a verb. So, while my guitar gently weeps. There's a guitar, what is it doing? It's weeping, so we know it's a clause. We'll go into what the difference between a dependent and an independent clause is next time, but just know for now, this is a clause over here and this clause over here, the falcon soared majestically, is also a clause by dint of the fact that it has both a subject, the falcon, and a verb, soared majestically. - [Voiceover] All right. - [Voiceover] Cool. That is phrases and clauses. You can learn anything, David out. - [Voiceover] Rosie out.