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Global cultures 1980–now
Course: Global cultures 1980–now > Unit 1
Lesson 4: Post-Cultural Revolution ChinaXu Bing, Book from the Sky
Xu Bing, Book from the Sky, c. 1987-91, hand-printed books and ceiling and wall scrolls printed from wood letterpress type; ink on paper, each book, open: 18 1/8 × 20 inches / 46 × 51 cm; each of three ceiling scrolls 38 inches × c. 114 feet 9-7/8 inches / 96.5 × 3500 cm; each wall scroll 9 feet 2-1/4 inches × 39-3/8 inches / 280 × 100 cm (installation at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014), collection of the artist, © Xu Bing
Speakers: Allison Young and Steven Zucker. Created by Steven Zucker and Beth Harris.
Speakers: Allison Young and Steven Zucker. Created by Steven Zucker and Beth Harris.
Want to join the conversation?
- How long did it take to make this? Did he do all the work on this himself, or did he use a team? This is a massive piece, and one person doing it would seem to take years.(8 votes)
- It took him three years, a little longer than it takes for someone to reply to your comment. :D(38 votes)
- Can we expect a video to be made about Ai Wei Wei's 'Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn'...perhaps the single most famous work of modern Chinese art?(13 votes)
- I see that he included over 1000 characters that he made by himself, but are there actual Chinese characters in the work? The characters that are actually used in China?(2 votes)
- Xu Bing used Kang-xi radicals, which are the building blocks of the current Chinese character system. He manipulates the radicals act like you might any alphabet; scrambling 'letters' to create gibberish. From what I could see from the video (I learned minimal Chinese from my expat parents), none of those words were recognisable.
Technically, however, these characters could still be considered valid- 'new' Chinese characters are constantly composed from radicals to cater to a changing world. Here is a link to an example scenario that might explain things better: http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/chin/mojicakes.html(6 votes)
- What is the word Allison uses at? "As well as the v____," she says. I can't figure out what it is, and can't Google it just by guessing the spelling of the phonetics. 3:21(4 votes)
- The word she uses is "vehicle." (She says the word quickly, and says "vehicle" like it has only 2 syllables, rather than 3 -- that's what makes it hard to understand.)
I was able to confirm the word by clicking on the "cc" icon at the bottom right of the video screen. That turns on the captions. The captions aren't always 100% correct in all of the videos, but in this case, they worked for "vehicle."(3 votes)
- kids can really learn from this so my question is can kids really have a life reflection in this(3 votes)
- Although I've watched the video multiple times, I am still confused about this work's actual meaning. In, Dr. Zucker says that we should move on to the characters themselves to look for the meaning, but those characters are, as mentioned, mostly nonsenses that the artist created by himself. Is this work a demonstration of the artist that he is sick of Communist government's propagandas? Or is this just pure visual aesthetics? 3:11(2 votes)
- From the author:I don't think there is a single sharply defined meaning. We tried to introduce just a few of the many overlapping meanings that are raised by Xu Bing in Book from the Sky.(3 votes)
- Wouldn't it be difficult to examine the ceiling portions of the text since all of the books are open on the floor?(2 votes)
- It's probably oriented that way to save space and also to spread it at all possible corners of the room for artistic purposes.(2 votes)
- In what museum is this in?(1 vote)
- With a bit of Googling I believe that it is in the Metropolitan Museum (in New York).(1 vote)
Video transcript
Voiceover: I'm in the
Metropolitan Museum of Art with Allison Young. We're in an installation by the Chinese artist, Xu Bing, called Book from the Sky. Chinese characters are above us, they're below us, and they're on either side of us. Voiceover: Pages containing
columns and columns of Chinese text are
surrounding us on the walls, hanging from the ceiling, and also on the floor
in the open book pages from volumes that he has hand bound in the form of traditional
Chinese book art. Voiceover: On either side of this gallery are thousands of Chinese characters printed on this beautiful paper. Below us a sea of waves
made up of open books, and above us a beautiful billowing sky, three long pieces of paper scroll-like stretched across the ceiling filled with Chinese characters. Voiceover: To Western viewers, it's not immediately
clear what the text says, what this piece might be about, and it reminds me of other works around the Chinese art galleries in the Metropolitan Museum of more historical, calligraphic arts. Voiceover: But to a Chinese viewer the meaning is also elusive. Voiceover: This is because Xu Bing has actually invented
over 1,000 new characters. Voiceover: So these are
not real characters. Voiceover: Because
traditional Chinese characters are composed in a modular way meaning that different components are brought together to form a character in a block form. Xu Bing actually uses some real components and some that are invented in combinations that are entirely new to create a character that looks extremely familiar to somebody who can read Chinese. Voiceover: We're surrounded by literally tens of thousands of Chinese characters that don't actually mean anything. Voiceover: Xu actually
discarded any characters that he came up with that
looked too inauthentic. Voiceover: Xu Bing didn't render all of these characters with a brush by hand, rather he carved wooden
blocks harking back to the ancient Chinese
system of movable type which is far older than Gutenberg's system in the West. Voiceover: We're looking
at a very early form of mass production that relates to the contemporary moment
in which print media have played a large role
in Xu Bin's upbringing. Voiceover: He was a young man during the cultural revolution, a period when intellectuals were vilified, when the very notion of the individual was distrusted, when everything was about the group, everything was about the State. Voiceover: Xu Bing was
actually very talented as a child in writing and in calligraphy. This skill was identified by teachers and harnessed in service of the State. So like many other young intellectuals, he was sent to the countryside where he was put to work creating banners by hand for things like holidays, weddings, and funerals
where he would be asked to combine modern and traditional forms of calligraphy. Voiceover: When Xu Bing was in art school, he was trained in the art of propaganda as was expected of anybody
involved in the arts at this time in China. So it's fascinating with that in mind to look at this overwhelming display of block printing. It admits no actual word. Voiceover: The piece also makes me think of a lot of other works of contemporary Chinese art which used
the act of destruction in order to create new meaning by way of dropping a Han Dynasty urn. Other artists repeating a text in layers that eventually obliterate its meaning. Voiceover: We can't locate
meaning in what we read, so where do we look for meaning? We're asked to move from the symbolic representation of the words to the characters themselves and the accumulation of those characters. Voiceover: As well as the vehicle through which they're delivered. We're reminded of the
way that text is used for propaganda purposes
during Mao's regime, and the inundation of posters and banners that would have surrounded him just like these texts surround us here. Voiceover: But the irony
is that this was produced not during Mao's lifetime, but in the period after
when China was flooded with Western literature. And yet the artist has, nevertheless, created characters that
are empty of meaning. Voiceover: He has observed two phases of the consumption of
texts in his lifetime. The first being from the regime through the use of propaganda, and the second when China opened up to receiving and translating
Western philosophy, theory, literature, and art history. This was consumed by
youths who were hungry for information. Voiceover: I'm struck by the way the books on the floor create a series of waves that almost seem like the sea, and the banners that hang from the ceiling function very much as the sky. The title of this is Book from the Sky, and the panels on the
walls seem like landscapes. Voiceover: This is an
interesting observation in light of the medium
that we're looking at. Mao considered wood block printed text to be one of the most
non-elitist forms of art and communication because it was direct, and because it could be mass produced and widely disseminated. Whereas, scholar painting
earlier in Chinese history, often depicted the landscape and the natural environment, but very subtle political messages were sometimes conveyed
in these compositions. These were more elitist form of art. Voiceover: Here we have subtle references to landscape, but represented through text emptied of meaning.