https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/advanced-endocrine-system/endocrine-system-introduction/v/hypothalamus-and-pituitary-gland 2023-08-17T23:33:36.770424498Z The hypothalamus and pituitary gland What makes the endocrine organs tick? Find out in this video about the hypothalamus and pituitary glands! Discover how the hypothalamus uses hormones to signal the pituitary gland, influencing the release of hormones that control bodily functions. Learn about the anterior and posterior pituitary, and the hormones they release, from growth hormone to prolactin. Ryan Scott Patton video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/B351Jk_A96P-iVLOwGhASp5bVTloEEDYba3A8DgRX-HzOkK_Ea7t95oIrDdT_cncQXjrxtwNOwgsJMeM1t5DWm31KQ The hypothalamus and pituitary gland What makes the endocrine organs tick? Find out in this video about the hypothalamus and pituitary glands! Discover how the hypothalamus uses hormones to signal the pituitary gland, influencing the release of hormones that control bodily functions. Learn about the anterior and posterior pituitary, and the hormones they release, from growth hormone to prolactin. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/9dS7bc_2bUE.mp4/9dS7bc_2bUE.mp4 395 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/thyroid-gland-hormones-t3-t4-defects 2023-05-02T21:01:11.424922279Z Thyroid gland hormones (T3, T4) & defects Let's explore how the T3 and T4 hormones regulate our body metabolism and growth. We will also explore the effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. 00:00 T3 & T4 hormones 00:40 How thyroid affects BMR 3:05 What is hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism 3:26 Hyperthyroidism symptoms 4:06 Hypothyroidism symptoms 5:07 How thyroid affects Cretinism 5:49 Summary 6:39 BONUS (WAIT FOR IT) Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Thyroid gland hormones (T3, T4) & defects Let's explore how the T3 and T4 hormones regulate our body metabolism and growth. We will also explore the effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. 00:00 T3 & T4 hormones 00:40 How thyroid affects BMR 3:05 What is hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism 3:26 Hyperthyroidism symptoms 4:06 Hypothyroidism symptoms 5:07 How thyroid affects Cretinism 5:49 Summary 6:39 BONUS (WAIT FOR IT) https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/bn66WhDZ3_E.mp4/bn66WhDZ3_E.mp4 418 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/e/the-thyroid-parathyroid-and-thymus-glands 2026-01-24T15:20:42.617490009Z The Thyroid Gland This exercise tests knowledge of the thyroid gland, the hormones it produces and their functions, and disorders of the gland. Nivedhitha Suresh exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/thymus-thymosin 2023-05-02T21:01:11.424922279Z Thymus & thymosin Let's explore the structure of the thymus gland and the role of the thymosin hormone that it secretes. Timestamps 00:00 Thymus structure: Thymus epithelial cells & immature t cells 01:25 Thymus's function in differentiating t cells 02:30 thymosins & its function Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Thymus & thymosin Let's explore the structure of the thymus gland and the role of the thymosin hormone that it secretes. Timestamps 00:00 Thymus structure: Thymus epithelial cells & immature t cells 01:25 Thymus's function in differentiating t cells 02:30 thymosins & its function https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/bea_I0PV0ig.mp4/bea_I0PV0ig.mp4 262 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/e/the-parathyroid-and-thymus-glands 2025-02-07T06:11:32.208916979Z The Parathyroid and Thymus Glands This exercise tests knowledge of the parathyroid and thymus glands, the hormones produced and their functions. Nivedhitha Suresh exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/adrenal-cortex-glucocorticoids-mineralocorticoids 2023-05-02T21:01:11.424922279Z Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids Let's explore how the adrenal cortex helps our body in mediating stress and homeostasis. 00:00 Emergency hormones recap 01:36 Adrenal medulla 02:44 Corticoids 03:36 Glucocorticoids & cortisol functions 06:06 Mineralocorticoids & aldosterone functions 07:56 Effects of chronic stress 09:16 Big picture of adrenal medulla & cortex Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids Let's explore how the adrenal cortex helps our body in mediating stress and homeostasis. 00:00 Emergency hormones recap 01:36 Adrenal medulla 02:44 Corticoids 03:36 Glucocorticoids & cortisol functions 06:06 Mineralocorticoids & aldosterone functions 07:56 Effects of chronic stress 09:16 Big picture of adrenal medulla & cortex https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/vhCPXS5kF2s.mp4/vhCPXS5kF2s.mp4 585 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/adrenal-medulla-adrenaline-and-noradrenaline 2023-05-02T21:01:11.424922279Z Adrenal medulla, adrenaline and noradrenaline Let's explore how the adrenal medulla helps your body to fight or flight in emergency situations. We will explore the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) hormones. Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:27 Parts of adrenal gland (medulla and cortex) 01:10 Hormones of adrenal gland (adrenaline and noradrenaline) 02:19 Adrenaline and noradreanaline effects 2:48 Breathing, heart rate, liver, and blood flow 5:39 Summary Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Adrenal medulla, adrenaline and noradrenaline Let's explore how the adrenal medulla helps your body to fight or flight in emergency situations. We will explore the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) hormones. Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:27 Parts of adrenal gland (medulla and cortex) 01:10 Hormones of adrenal gland (adrenaline and noradrenaline) 02:19 Adrenaline and noradreanaline effects 2:48 Breathing, heart rate, liver, and blood flow 5:39 Summary https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/f3q3G7PRuKg.mp4/f3q3G7PRuKg.mp4 353 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/e/the-adrenal-gland 2026-04-08T00:54:09.631945657Z The adrenal gland This exercise deals with the functions of the adrenal gland and the diseases associated with it. Moumita Sen exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/pancreas-insulin-glucagon 2023-05-02T21:01:11.424922279Z Pancreas: insulin & glucagon Let's explore how the insulin (from beta cells) and the glucagon (from the alpha cells) of the Islets of Langerhans in pancreas help in maintaining the blood sugar levels in our body. Timestamps 00:00 - Islets of Langerhans 01:30 - Why to maintain blood sugar? 02:00 - Insulin from beta cells lowers blood sugar 04:50 - Glucaon from alpha cells raise blood sugar 06:45 - gamma and delta cells? 07:30 - Bonus questions! Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Pancreas: insulin & glucagon Let's explore how the insulin (from beta cells) and the glucagon (from the alpha cells) of the Islets of Langerhans in pancreas help in maintaining the blood sugar levels in our body. Timestamps 00:00 - Islets of Langerhans 01:30 - Why to maintain blood sugar? 02:00 - Insulin from beta cells lowers blood sugar 04:50 - Glucaon from alpha cells raise blood sugar 06:45 - gamma and delta cells? 07:30 - Bonus questions! https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/fd7eT3PqX8A.mp4/fd7eT3PqX8A.mp4 495 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/e/pancreas 2026-01-02T03:26:47.797410698Z Pancreas Pancreas Moumita Sen exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/hormones-of-testes-and-ovaries-i 2025-01-27T11:20:52.400099217Z Hormones of Testes and Ovaries-I Why do boys shoot up in height after a certain age? What causes hair to grow on their faces? These changes can be attributed to certain hormones. Watch this video to learn more about the male sex hormones, their structure, and their effects. Nivedhitha Suresh video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/68297453-6457-4244-966f-abce1b04033e_1280_720_base.png Hormones of Testes and Ovaries-I Why do boys shoot up in height after a certain age? What causes hair to grow on their faces? These changes can be attributed to certain hormones. Watch this video to learn more about the male sex hormones, their structure, and their effects. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Y6Y9EyRbkDc.mp4/Y6Y9EyRbkDc.mp4 384 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/v/hormones-of-testes-and-ovaries-ii 2025-01-27T11:20:52.400099217Z Hormones of Testes and Ovaries -II What are the female sex hormones? How are they different from male hormones? How are they the same? Watch the video to learn more about estrogen and progesterone, where they're produced and what their functions are. Nivedhitha Suresh video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/143db7b3-5a80-43c0-8f3e-966ea0547cfe_1280_720_base.png Hormones of Testes and Ovaries -II What are the female sex hormones? How are they different from male hormones? How are they the same? Watch the video to learn more about estrogen and progesterone, where they're produced and what their functions are. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/7FoWp-bQSj0.mp4/7FoWp-bQSj0.mp4 569 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/e/testes-and-ovaries 2026-01-24T15:20:42.617490009Z Testes and Ovaries An exercise that tests the testes and ovaries, their functions and the hormones secreted. Nivedhitha Suresh exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-communication-and-cell-cycle/signal-transduction/v/cellular-mechanism-hormone-action 2023-08-01T14:47:57.913483072Z Cellular mechanism of hormone action Hormones communicate with target cells via two primary methods: secondary messengers and primary messengers. Secondary messengers, like cAMP, are released inside the cell after a hormone binds to a receptor, triggering a chain reaction. Primary messengers, such as steroid and thyroid hormones, can cross the cell membrane and directly affect transcription or translation. These processes enable efficient and amplified cellular responses. Ryan Scott Patton video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/UbnF74pU8-on0s3I-7cbR9vHuikFB-wJm1oCGRRaZ_h95FMgPCQvKwQThZjBL8mnbd9gu3SwQ9SElxY9Ass1BbQ Cellular mechanism of hormone action Hormones communicate with target cells via two primary methods: secondary messengers and primary messengers. Secondary messengers, like cAMP, are released inside the cell after a hormone binds to a receptor, triggering a chain reaction. Primary messengers, such as steroid and thyroid hormones, can cross the cell membrane and directly affect transcription or translation. These processes enable efficient and amplified cellular responses. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/TNGSzt2v4xY.mp4/TNGSzt2v4xY.mp4 503 Chemical Coordination and Integration https://www.khanacademy.org/science/up-biology-grade-11-revision-course-full-term/x01ceb15d0be61009:week-3/x01ceb15d0be61009:untitled-615/e/types-of-hormone-and-mechanism-of-hormone-action 2026-04-08T01:15:04.085520103Z Types of Hormone and Mechanism of Hormone Action This exercise tests knowledge of the types of hormones and how the hormones cause their respective effects in the body. Nivedhitha Suresh exercise