https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:bond-hybridization/v/steric-number-sp3-hybridization 2021-01-04T18:35:19Z Steric number One way to determine the hybridization of an atom is to calculate its steric number, which is equal to the number of sigma bonds surrounding the atom plus the number of lone pairs on the atoms. In this video, we focus on atoms with a steric number of 4, which corresponds to sp³ hybridization. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/FQS6H4m8BLWU7zzNlb000eJCU-ovjEd-dGlZoITgqqupjPAyQMYeQ03QBNm9kYILlHHebv4YlHYoc5GBLJJgRs1k Steric number One way to determine the hybridization of an atom is to calculate its steric number, which is equal to the number of sigma bonds surrounding the atom plus the number of lone pairs on the atoms. In this video, we focus on atoms with a steric number of 4, which corresponds to sp³ hybridization. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/BM-My1AheLw.mp4/BM-My1AheLw.mp4 587 Valence bond theory-Hybridisation https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:bond-hybridization/v/sp-hybridization-jay-final 2021-01-04T18:35:17Z sp hybridization In sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital hybridize to form two sp orbitals, each consisting of 50% s character and 50% p character. This type of hybridization is required whenever an atom is surrounded by two groups of electrons. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/43uqHM9yL_9I39yT0bmjCnJEwLXXzxZ7i-rkMF7swECUuhqMli4EspB3A7oe85Kzg8Q8nxB9YJkWXa_jtd2wfhE sp hybridization In sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital hybridize to form two sp orbitals, each consisting of 50% s character and 50% p character. This type of hybridization is required whenever an atom is surrounded by two groups of electrons. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/BRHfy7envyQ.mp4/BRHfy7envyQ.mp4 660 Valence bond theory-Hybridisation https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:bond-hybridization/v/sp2-hybridization-jay-final 2021-01-04T18:35:18Z sp² hybridization In sp² hybridization, one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridize to form three sp² orbitals, each consisting of 33% s character and 67% p character. This type of hybridization is required whenever an atom is surrounded by three groups of electrons. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ym9OepRDLCU2IDXc7EVLF6_MUPyf1-5bOmAr0xU3ZXwKgZHHA4oTooYioT9NoP9YYZTSIj-HgKX1Fj3xrb7MGao sp² hybridization In sp² hybridization, one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridize to form three sp² orbitals, each consisting of 33% s character and 67% p character. This type of hybridization is required whenever an atom is surrounded by three groups of electrons. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/ROzkyTgscGg.mp4/ROzkyTgscGg.mp4 762 Valence bond theory-Hybridisation https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:bond-hybridization/v/sp3-hybrid-orbital-jay-final 2021-01-04T18:35:18Z sp³ hybridization In sp³ hybridization, one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridize to form four sp³ orbitals, each consisting of 25% s character and 75% p character. This type of hybridization is required whenever an atom is surrounded by four groups of electrons. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/SUEbKY3M_3keyAw8TCdZznRrtbGTyEcIuaMVoChA6pTsE5BY0IekGHrqZXa_t5F1s4b3DRsPGe2sYh7IJEE51qpu sp³ hybridization In sp³ hybridization, one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridize to form four sp³ orbitals, each consisting of 25% s character and 75% p character. This type of hybridization is required whenever an atom is surrounded by four groups of electrons. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/JHgTNNX01r4.mp4/JHgTNNX01r4.mp4 643 Valence bond theory-Hybridisation https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:bond-hybridization/v/organic-hybridization-practice 2021-01-04T18:35:18Z Worked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic molecules We can find the hybridization of an atom in a molecule by either looking at the types of bonds surrounding the atom or by calculating its steric number. In this video, we use both of these methods to determine the hybridizations of atoms in various organic molecules. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Yxn5ruVxjnVOqb9a-j_PS0hT6B4b2zJQ1Gv0K8zM4Zmc5OPe9LAGQVKM4Dm-mw-lMvqyTUBWfWx6uiFgHygPAtSa Worked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic molecules We can find the hybridization of an atom in a molecule by either looking at the types of bonds surrounding the atom or by calculating its steric number. In this video, we use both of these methods to determine the hybridizations of atoms in various organic molecules. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/GuaozMpFS3w.mp4/GuaozMpFS3w.mp4 621 Valence bond theory-Hybridisation https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/gen-chem-review/hybrid-orbitals-jay/v/tetrahedral-bond-angle-proof 2021-03-22T03:07:32Z Tetrahedral bond angle proof Mathematical proof of the bond angles in methane (a tetrahedral molecule). Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/jXZpa2NUhw2YSJYWVTg4DvYRXZSOYCT4Fd1yBFHSAYlf8hId4x0MY_Eli4pejDoKI7EreR5_pvqiXm4TlFG5UDk Tetrahedral bond angle proof Mathematical proof of the bond angles in methane (a tetrahedral molecule). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/2UTr46btzaY.mp4/2UTr46btzaY.mp4 306 Valence bond theory-Hybridisation https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry-essentials/x1918b84b5bb1f2e6:chemical-bonding-hybridization/x1918b84b5bb1f2e6:hybridization/e/bond-hybridization-quiz 2025-02-05T09:42:45.78315781Z Bond hybridization Practice determining the hybridization for atoms in covalent compounds. Yuki exercise