https://www.khanacademy.org/math/als-k-to-12-math/x54b4346ef80b5dcc:performance-standard/x54b4346ef80b5dcc:temperature/v/absolute-temperature-and-the-kelvin-scale 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Absolute temperature and the kelvin scale This video explains temperature as a measure of average kinetic energy in a system. It highlights the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales, detailing their differences, conversion methods, and applications. The concept of absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature, is also introduced. Ryan Scott Patton video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/B8pBW6w5MZqqv2RTGhLYtqNNps1HRnnDugpOzXDX_qMRyWonD5d41Ey2DOISAGMJIWqIXIVUs-ZD39-wXLl6kaY Absolute temperature and the kelvin scale This video explains temperature as a measure of average kinetic energy in a system. It highlights the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales, detailing their differences, conversion methods, and applications. The concept of absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature, is also introduced. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/eEJqaNaq9v8.mp4/eEJqaNaq9v8.mp4 614 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/math/als-k-to-12-math/x54b4346ef80b5dcc:performance-standard/x54b4346ef80b5dcc:pressure/v/pressure-and-the-simple-mercury-barometer 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Pressure and the simple mercury barometer Unpack the unique properties of gases, their kinetic energy, and their ability to exert pressure on surroundings. Understand the connection between temperature, force, and pressure in gases. Learn about atmospheric pressure and its measurement using a barometer. Get to know gas laws and pressure units such as atmospheres, tor, and pascals. Ryan Scott Patton video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Holn_dcwpSJFtUhyZ8GuLF0CuWIe7Yt-zQ2iVsVytXG24P3Rly3_02vB40rXKRgocUog-Tbv73yyiOjiMPdfIbaf Pressure and the simple mercury barometer Unpack the unique properties of gases, their kinetic energy, and their ability to exert pressure on surroundings. Understand the connection between temperature, force, and pressure in gases. Learn about atmospheric pressure and its measurement using a barometer. Get to know gas laws and pressure units such as atmospheres, tor, and pascals. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/kkUvU-elGtw.mp4/kkUvU-elGtw.mp4 471 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-specific-heat-and-heat-transfer/v/heat-transfer-high-school-physics 2022-09-08T02:59:50.812572544Z Heat transfer Uncontrolled systems always evolve toward more stable states—that is, toward more uniform energy distribution (e.g., water flows downhill, objects hotter than their surrounding environment cool down). Khan Academy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/e4ad66c3-ba86-4568-bfa3-f536596a5eff_1280_720_base.png Heat transfer Uncontrolled systems always evolve toward more stable states—that is, toward more uniform energy distribution (e.g., water flows downhill, objects hotter than their surrounding environment cool down). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/FPPv1mkRpKw.mp4/FPPv1mkRpKw.mp4 364 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-specific-heat-and-heat-transfer/v/specific-heat-capacity 2022-09-08T02:59:50.812572544Z Specific heat capacity Heat capacity is a property that describes how much energy is needed to change the temperature of a material. Objects with a high specific heat capacity require a greater change in energy to change their temperature and vice versa for objects with a low specific heat capacity. Measured in units of Joules per Kelvin kilogram, the specific heat capacity of material can be used to find the change in thermal energy when an object undergoes a temperature change. Khan Academy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/6ccedacc-bcad-4172-abc1-3584321d4b5b_1280_720_base.png Specific heat capacity Heat capacity is a property that describes how much energy is needed to change the temperature of a material. Objects with a high specific heat capacity require a greater change in energy to change their temperature and vice versa for objects with a low specific heat capacity. Measured in units of Joules per Kelvin kilogram, the specific heat capacity of material can be used to find the change in thermal energy when an object undergoes a temperature change. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/9_gvwicIbHg.mp4/9_gvwicIbHg.mp4 452 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/states-of-matter-and-intermolecular-forces/states-of-matter/v/specific-heat-and-latent-leat-of-fusion-and-vaporization-2 2021-01-04T18:35:20Z Specific heat and latent heat of fusion and vaporization Defining specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. How to calculate the amount of heat to change the temperature of water and the energy required to change for a phase change.  David SantoPietro video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/EoJKriLCVHC5RIlLzeIMyJCOBrnLWnpttzxDUgjLMvtkTddPUqNW3DULUwbd-ZzCGg5-yTay-SlsWhJxlDIdmDM Specific heat and latent heat of fusion and vaporization Defining specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. How to calculate the amount of heat to change the temperature of water and the energy required to change for a phase change.  https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/WU7TfO-iaK8.mp4/WU7TfO-iaK8.mp4 897 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-2/x0e2f5a2c:thermodynamics/x0e2f5a2c:thermal-energy-and-thermal-equilibrium/e/understand-thermodynamics 2025-03-12T14:20:10.072734823Z Understand: thermodynamics Check your understanding of thermodynamics in this set of free practice questions aligned to NGSS standards. exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-2/x0e2f5a2c:thermodynamics/x0e2f5a2c:thermal-energy-and-thermal-equilibrium/e/apply-thermodynamics 2025-03-12T14:20:10.072734823Z Apply: thermodynamics Apply your understanding of thermodynamics in this set of free practice questions aligned to NGSS standards. exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/revision-term-2-jnv-physics-grade-11/x077d246dcd1fe558:week-2/x077d246dcd1fe558:thermal-properties-of-matter/v/thermal-conduction-convection-and-radiation 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z Thermal conduction, convection, and radiation There are three forms of thermal energy transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves molecules transferring kinetic energy to one another through collisions. Convection occurs when hot air rises, allowing cooler air to come in and be heated. Thermal radiation happens when accelerated charged particles release electromagnetic radiation, which can be felt as heat. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Hv0IoKraecmYL6pTEVTae9WcA_YqO7CTECyExWRxNubSsIz_lLldwJzKU-9lyrnn1meIsQR_7ZA93YKe2E-EzMzl Thermal conduction, convection, and radiation There are three forms of thermal energy transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves molecules transferring kinetic energy to one another through collisions. Convection occurs when hot air rises, allowing cooler air to come in and be heated. Thermal radiation happens when accelerated charged particles release electromagnetic radiation, which can be felt as heat. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/8GQvMt-ow4w.mp4/8GQvMt-ow4w.mp4 550 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/thermal-physics-essentials/x34146f1b92e003ad:why-does-steel-feel-colder-than-wood/x34146f1b92e003ad:how-quickly-does-the-heat-flow/v/intuition-behind-formula-for-thermal-conductivity 2021-02-07T17:14:00Z Intuition behind formula for thermal conductivity Intuition behind formula for thermal conductivity video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/OrMesVVHdahrd6CmZ-ckeUS3UZy2rmAMcyNklzsW7B903ajRUyXb6-ZQMZ6CGWnyJJxKCvP0H2mF9WY1lc2w9fff Intuition behind formula for thermal conductivity Intuition behind formula for thermal conductivity https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/hDP6egLrsdM.mp4/hDP6egLrsdM.mp4 378 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/revision-term-2-jnv-physics-grade-11/x077d246dcd1fe558:week-2/x077d246dcd1fe558:thermal-properties-of-matter/e/thermal-conduction-basic 2025-03-07T16:50:49.734868403Z Thermal conduction (basic) Let's solve some problems where we directly apply the formula for thermal conduction and better understand the various terms in it. Aakash Bagga exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/revision-term-2-jnv-physics-grade-11/x077d246dcd1fe558:week-2/x077d246dcd1fe558:thermal-properties-of-matter/e/thermal-conductivity-intermediate 2026-04-08T00:36:09.500768563Z Thermal conductivity - rods connected at a junction Let's solve some problems where we apply the concept of heat transfer through conduction to find junction temperatures and heat current flowing through rods who are joined at a junction. Aakash Bagga exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/revision-term-2-jnv-physics-grade-11/x077d246dcd1fe558:week-2/x077d246dcd1fe558:thermal-properties-of-matter/e/equivalent-thermal-conductivity 2026-04-08T00:36:09.500768563Z Equivalent thermal conductivity Let's solve some problems to better understand how to find the equivalent thermal conductivity of a combination of rods. Aakash Bagga exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/math/differential-equations/first-order-differential-equations/exponential-models-diff-eq/v/newtons-law-of-cooling 2021-07-03T00:16:53Z Newton's Law of Cooling Newton's law of cooling can be modeled with the general equation dT/dt=-k(T-Tₐ), whose solutions are T=Ce⁻ᵏᵗ+Tₐ (for cooling) and T=Tₐ-Ce⁻ᵏᵗ (for heating). video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/23aBvzWVUWfQPYhfcNUGtsIqHRcxcF5XIMEDjDcBecGSS4vb1hO5oV81nkjPjY21rqgZuZsU-VKipntSL-n9wmUc Newton's Law of Cooling Newton's law of cooling can be modeled with the general equation dT/dt=-k(T-Tₐ), whose solutions are T=Ce⁻ᵏᵗ+Tₐ (for cooling) and T=Tₐ-Ce⁻ᵏᵗ (for heating). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/IICR-w1jYcA.mp4/IICR-w1jYcA.mp4 602 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/math/differential-equations/first-order-differential-equations/exponential-models-diff-eq/v/applying-newtons-law-of-cooling-to-warm-oatmeal 2021-07-03T00:16:52Z Worked example: Newton's law of cooling The general function for Newton's law of cooling is T=Ce⁻ᵏᵗ+Tₐ. In this video, we solve a word problem that involves the cooling of a freshly baked cookie! video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/BV49CJRHkB3vVKoEJMtVIcm7mrSKCBqHK0irpwKdnJQu5vQ43v4n28uv-6rY-_7kN4smHWPavShxGS15gcQ-EYHc Worked example: Newton's law of cooling The general function for Newton's law of cooling is T=Ce⁻ᵏᵗ+Tₐ. In this video, we solve a word problem that involves the cooling of a freshly baked cookie! https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/jH5qflAe3C8.mp4/jH5qflAe3C8.mp4 743 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-solids/v/linear-expansion-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-06-23T07:22:43Z Linear expansion How much does iron expand on heating? How do you answer such questions? How do we assign a number to thermal expansion? In this video, we are going to explore how we can quantify thermal expansion of solids. We will start with linear expansion. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/8IIa4LYZ3_3rwudVFWLGDeR8YYFje7aOmC033e8k30caFMUJLQsfeOi0sbWQ2QwqBTDixUsxZvI5GLIkXicQyKtQbg Linear expansion How much does iron expand on heating? How do you answer such questions? How do we assign a number to thermal expansion? In this video, we are going to explore how we can quantify thermal expansion of solids. We will start with linear expansion. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/wT2ylH3wskE.mp4/wT2ylH3wskE.mp4 699 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-solids/e/thermal-expansion-theoretical 2026-04-08T01:15:04.085520103Z Thermal expansion - theoretical Let's solve some problems to test our understanding of the theoretical aspects of thermal expansion. Aakash Bagga exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-solids/v/linear-expansion-numerical-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-06-23T07:22:40Z Linear expansion numerical Let's put our linear expansion coefficient to action. In this video we will explore a numerical on linear expansion and see, step by step, how to tackle such problems. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/8513aGlS24UMezoueenNhJ8JuDAd0pxRBn_Y0dj9INBz-vqO9YLyqVqtRdlEwwxsa703bFNiQnAn5WFn_6TawRtH9Q Linear expansion numerical Let's put our linear expansion coefficient to action. In this video we will explore a numerical on linear expansion and see, step by step, how to tackle such problems. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/yYZs0JjO7rw.mp4/yYZs0JjO7rw.mp4 394 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-solids/v/area-expansion-coefficient-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-06-23T07:22:42Z Area expansion coefficient Let's explore how to calculate changes in areas of things, when they are heated. By the way changes in area is also called superficial expansion. The good thing is we don't need more physics. We can use whatever we learnt in linear expansion and just apply here. We will eventually define the area expansion coefficient. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/GJOC4t5cPTxDwRITXXM3eP6qLJ_5H3YSOpFjlPM1ePmHOxyx-8ZAf8srnXdqptjmGlcLXLv_E84bIu01SuLPiLVCkw Area expansion coefficient Let's explore how to calculate changes in areas of things, when they are heated. By the way changes in area is also called superficial expansion. The good thing is we don't need more physics. We can use whatever we learnt in linear expansion and just apply here. We will eventually define the area expansion coefficient. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/vhBh_SYH4v4.mp4/vhBh_SYH4v4.mp4 557 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-solids/v/volume-expansion-coefficient-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-06-23T07:22:42Z Volume expansion coefficient Let's explore the calculation of volume expansion due to temperature change. Good news is we don't need more physics. We can just use the stuff we learnt in linear expansion and apply it over here. Eventually we will define volume expansion coefficient. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/UrgWRRC7a0jrwKQth-BrcUqLD7syXHO4NuUh6fu_E85_fqEQ6l9S2eXZVz8nQASVw3kCcz5u-xTmw-bCx-W-GWVp Volume expansion coefficient Let's explore the calculation of volume expansion due to temperature change. Good news is we don't need more physics. We can just use the stuff we learnt in linear expansion and apply it over here. Eventually we will define volume expansion coefficient. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/BaUudFaykPg.mp4/BaUudFaykPg.mp4 301 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-solids/v/volume-expansion-numerical-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-06-23T07:22:41Z Volume expansion numerical In this video, we will solve a numerical on volume expansion. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/UPoMtAyBSKRwZaNFu9zNl-GSEzaFQWWT7M8cMX8u5-rkHlkB_LEvwGTHmDgPXYDvf6cdh_hIstgKFAxbInIxw0Wt Volume expansion numerical In this video, we will solve a numerical on volume expansion. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/b-05QTV_jRM.mp4/b-05QTV_jRM.mp4 311 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-fluids/v/thermal-expansion-in-liquids-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-11-16T17:29:52Z Thermal expansion in liquids How do we quantify expansion coefficient in liquids? Unlike solids, liquids don't have a definite shape or size, so we need to be careful while thinking of expansion coefficients. In this video, we will see what's the best way to quantify expansion coefficients fo liquids. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/THMEPyxiIuray1JzLuW5_Mg9_BhzC_7IR2OtsenFCpbDgSBaXVL4YE_ktuw-j7dSyfycx_6ja3ww23Unlv0L1r2e Thermal expansion in liquids How do we quantify expansion coefficient in liquids? Unlike solids, liquids don't have a definite shape or size, so we need to be careful while thinking of expansion coefficients. In this video, we will see what's the best way to quantify expansion coefficients fo liquids. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/8o9gCi121Rk.mp4/8o9gCi121Rk.mp4 501 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-fluids/v/thermal-expansion-in-gas-class-11india-physics-khan-academy 2020-11-16T17:29:53Z Thermal expansion in gas How to quantify thermal expansion coefficient for gases? Gases are little different than solids and liquids because they neither have definite shape or volume. So we need to be careful while defining its expansion coefficient. In this video, we will explore this in detail :) Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/HtFjm4m1G1hlF3lgVtocFPHwvWTWfcMuytAV2o5j2qEy1fMrWIDp8i8aRgbSfnUti86GLoraezy7IBavlyocs1g Thermal expansion in gas How to quantify thermal expansion coefficient for gases? Gases are little different than solids and liquids because they neither have definite shape or volume. So we need to be careful while defining its expansion coefficient. In this video, we will explore this in detail :) Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/FdUuLpdqiA8.mp4/FdUuLpdqiA8.mp4 622 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-fluids/v/anomalous-expansion-of-water-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2020-10-20T15:14:00Z Anomalous expansion of water Why does ice float on water? You may already know that ice is less dense than water, but why? Usually, solids are denser than liquids. In this video, we will explore the Anomalous expansion of water, and understand what makes ice less dense than water. We also look at some other consequences of this phenomenon. Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/pJdfDml0uhq-vorKpRCibT6MGe5jlOHexWBu6uknXqpSlgiVo_IFJePtds2c90eHsI2LT-cpDcdtx9GL0h4kW3Q Anomalous expansion of water Why does ice float on water? You may already know that ice is less dense than water, but why? Usually, solids are denser than liquids. In this video, we will explore the Anomalous expansion of water, and understand what makes ice less dense than water. We also look at some other consequences of this phenomenon. Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/adUU1AsWwVI.mp4/adUU1AsWwVI.mp4 605 Thermal properties of matter https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-expansion-in-fluids/e/anomalous-expansion-of-water 2026-04-08T01:15:04.085520103Z Anomalous expansion of water Let's solve some problems to better understand the anomalous behavior of water when it expands. Aakash Bagga exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-thermal-properties-of-matter/in-in-thermal-stress/v/thermal-stress-class-11-india-physics-khan-academy 2021-01-15T14:38:31Z Thermal stress When a heated glass is suddenly cooled, it shatters. Why? When things are not free to expand, they end up developing stress, called thermal stress. In this video, we will explore this concept of thermal stress with the help of a numerical Created by Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/EOg6asuLcx56-yjE-dUA5xQu-N2YGFmPyxwuqr107LgD4KqkaKiC2DmsunU4qGuYVpNFuB0bubzRVj8e4qM5DXI Thermal stress When a heated glass is suddenly cooled, it shatters. Why? When things are not free to expand, they end up developing stress, called thermal stress. In this video, we will explore this concept of thermal stress with the help of a numerical Created by Mahesh Shenoy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Q6_lnkwKOaQ.mp4/Q6_lnkwKOaQ.mp4 674 Thermal properties of matter