https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-density-and-pressure/v/specific-gravity 2021-02-07T17:14:01Z Specific gravity In this video David explains what specific gravity means. He also shows how to calculate the value for specific gravity and use it to determine the percent of an object that will be submerged while floating. David SantoPietro video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Ov-Q_0K4MEpg4SuzEF3WNwlCoisYQQiamfUHUOMb1IS9pDcf0zKaGfpAZr8zPoYkVivyFItbzpElK8ty5Z_N5zs Specific gravity In this video David explains what specific gravity means. He also shows how to calculate the value for specific gravity and use it to determine the percent of an object that will be submerged while floating. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/nVPrWz8Jfgo.mp4/nVPrWz8Jfgo.mp4 190 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-density-and-pressure/v/fluids-part-1 2021-04-13T17:49:49Z Pressure and Pascal's principle (part 1) Sal explains the difference between liquids and gasses (both fluids). He then starts a calculation of the work done on a liquid in a U-shaped container. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/CkU-V-r-1YHt4Cl_3X6DZRtdybHClkotIGru8eYrctlKzntkM_jGywYE1jgwHudiNSKJ36Cv9koY3vswaD4VneeC Pressure and Pascal's principle (part 1) Sal explains the difference between liquids and gasses (both fluids). He then starts a calculation of the work done on a liquid in a U-shaped container. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Pn5YEMwQb4Y.mp4/Pn5YEMwQb4Y.mp4 586 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-density-and-pressure/v/fluids-part-2 2021-06-19T18:34:21Z Pressure and Pascal's principle (part 2) Sal finishes the calculation of work to determine the mechanical advantage in a U-shaped tube. He also explains pressure and Pascal's Principle. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZMhENpzZj5dZM6g7USacQvFLCSuR7WbG1tfc3FD3YycCZve5SK-aEcLMhN0Dib7bvG0B64XnOdktFFrL2YMoZdGC Pressure and Pascal's principle (part 2) Sal finishes the calculation of work to determine the mechanical advantage in a U-shaped tube. He also explains pressure and Pascal's Principle. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/lWDtFHDVqqk.mp4/lWDtFHDVqqk.mp4 612 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-density-and-pressure/v/fluids-part-3 2021-02-07T17:14:01Z Pressure at a depth in a fluid Sal derives the formula to determine the pressure at a specific depth in a fluid. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/vfjg6QUSrxTKUiicB1tyBHAE6kvObRUzj9YHdSBzaui6hDs-P1zppdQ5uHinC0OxqFh8MF0pjHa7tRLg2u7gGNU Pressure at a depth in a fluid Sal derives the formula to determine the pressure at a specific depth in a fluid. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/5EWjlpc0S00.mp4/5EWjlpc0S00.mp4 594 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-density-and-pressure/v/fluids-part-4 2021-06-19T18:34:21Z Finding height of fluid in a barometer Using our understanding of fluid pressure to figure out the height of a column of mercury. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/BNBHqUDhzgSa3SC4m8xDb7WpYHkXUyShboF5-MIUFWiBgnJ_5EgdoqRvuXipdQGbg-N6KSGdQv0njcVh6r_pYDxQhQ Finding height of fluid in a barometer Using our understanding of fluid pressure to figure out the height of a column of mercury. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/i6gz9VFyYks.mp4/i6gz9VFyYks.mp4 609 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-density-and-pressure/e/understanding-pressure 2026-04-08T00:54:09.631945657Z Understanding pressure Apply the formula of pressure in a fluid to variety of situations. srijan exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-buoyant-force-and-archimedes-principle/v/fluids-part-5 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Archimedes principle and buoyant force Explore Archimedes' principle and the buoyant force in fluid dynamics. Understand how pressure varies with depth and acts in all directions, leading to the upward net force on submerged objects. This principle explains why objects float and is key to fluid displacement and the concept of buoyancy. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/8uIWsJdcetXBee3HgGs5xbRN-FI4ny4Iyv__0yvrc1izPLzyqNwQF-D5daYd3eWfWW1HBHl700Aj5cxHWXaN74QO7w Archimedes principle and buoyant force Explore Archimedes' principle and the buoyant force in fluid dynamics. Understand how pressure varies with depth and acts in all directions, leading to the upward net force on submerged objects. This principle explains why objects float and is key to fluid displacement and the concept of buoyancy. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/vzID7ds600c.mp4/vzID7ds600c.mp4 521 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-buoyant-force-and-archimedes-principle/v/fluids-part-6 2021-06-19T18:34:21Z Buoyant force example problems A couple of problems involving Archimedes' principle and buoyant forces. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/AimNb2vKBYDlQonQoWYfvw2yFUY68rtGD2yylMw1hi8pHsTNmoEGWqs4vxW4GKK9EXb9SmQM2-uA-c0gfe05xl1m Buoyant force example problems A couple of problems involving Archimedes' principle and buoyant forces. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/wwjtuZ5vTvc.mp4/wwjtuZ5vTvc.mp4 581 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/v/fluids-part-7 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z Volume flow rate and equation of continuity A fluid’s motion is affected by its speed, density, and viscosity, and weight, as wells as drag and lift. Use an example of a pipe with different sized openings on either end to observe and quantify laminar flow of liquids. Learn about the concept of flux, and how it is used to calculate the power of a system with moving fluid. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/HdmNC540d2LoYhMZzHwYkHgAuIf1RArccRuWi1jcQA3sYLQYlrM1ikDtZszZj9iYzV7pz6kJ2kXNEWsI-bRhwv65 Volume flow rate and equation of continuity A fluid’s motion is affected by its speed, density, and viscosity, and weight, as wells as drag and lift. Use an example of a pipe with different sized openings on either end to observe and quantify laminar flow of liquids. Learn about the concept of flux, and how it is used to calculate the power of a system with moving fluid. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/G4CgOF4ccXk.mp4/G4CgOF4ccXk.mp4 599 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/e/continuity-equation 2026-04-07T23:36:17.218592739Z Continuity equation Let's practice some problems to better understand how to apply the continuity equation in various situations of flow of incompressible liquids. Satra exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/v/fluids-part-8 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z Bernoulli's equation derivation part 1 Bernoulli's equation is an equation from fluid mechanics that describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and height in an ideal, incompressible fluid. Learn how to derive Bernoulli’s equation by looking at the example of the flow of fluid through a pipe, using the law of conservation of energy to explain how various factors (such as pressure, area, velocity, and height) influence the system. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/87R_Cy8IZVrRIdsjVKMKsn2MnwNLXvYzQ6npAXsBQvRNDMnxe0OVBbu22S51pNJF8Cs9HdjxPeYF9hpDVp23Fkw0EQ Bernoulli's equation derivation part 1 Bernoulli's equation is an equation from fluid mechanics that describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and height in an ideal, incompressible fluid. Learn how to derive Bernoulli’s equation by looking at the example of the flow of fluid through a pipe, using the law of conservation of energy to explain how various factors (such as pressure, area, velocity, and height) influence the system. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/uqyLOuAzbvo.mp4/uqyLOuAzbvo.mp4 608 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/v/fluids-part-9 2021-02-07T17:14:01Z Bernoulli's equation derivation part 2 This is the second of two videos where Sal derives Bernoulli's equation. In the second half of the video Sal also begins an example problem where liquid exits a hole in a container. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/wnb3rlef2OFT6f0E0_XMUU_n9WuSd1xHwb5zpq8jTzfIdXVsrrUT5uRZzw3bUkwuUQlK2zt2cY8YZAhV9oDpqI64 Bernoulli's equation derivation part 2 This is the second of two videos where Sal derives Bernoulli's equation. In the second half of the video Sal also begins an example problem where liquid exits a hole in a container. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/QX2YLR09Q78.mp4/QX2YLR09Q78.mp4 609 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/e/understanding-bernoulli-s-equation 2026-04-07T23:17:37.123726494Z Understanding Bernoulli's equation Let's practice some problems to better understand how energy is conserved in a streamlined flow, as summarized by the Bernoulli's equation Satra exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/v/fluids-part-10 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Finding fluid speed exiting hole Explore the principles of fluid dynamics with Bernoulli's equation as Sal finishes the example problem where liquid exits a hole in a container. Understand how fluid velocity and pressure interact in systems like a canister with a small hole. Discover why the external pressure at the hole matters and how the output velocity is calculated. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/4mVKqkqJCpD_rQiHNcK_CcwFpLfh8wTu66fdaM2GvwwTBstln13rjKxvQNCYlDFIowny7CTMYQo6h1fq1Txrp88 Finding fluid speed exiting hole Explore the principles of fluid dynamics with Bernoulli's equation as Sal finishes the example problem where liquid exits a hole in a container. Understand how fluid velocity and pressure interact in systems like a canister with a small hole. Discover why the external pressure at the hole matters and how the output velocity is calculated. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/NGpJPz44JYc.mp4/NGpJPz44JYc.mp4 515 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/v/fluids-part-12 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Finding flow rate from Bernoulli's equation Sal solves a Bernoulli's equation example problem where fluid is moving through a pipe of varying diameter. Understand how pressure differentials and pipe dimensions influence flow rate and velocity. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/fDO2AqQraqldFAz8d6hjHMJdCkfUzQGOJ6UuNIhL--TMfUOCa83XKXJTAOfRIPnseG_aditLgV4v3aZmUtn06u0 Finding flow rate from Bernoulli's equation Sal solves a Bernoulli's equation example problem where fluid is moving through a pipe of varying diameter. Understand how pressure differentials and pipe dimensions influence flow rate and velocity. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/xlJYYM5TWoA.mp4/xlJYYM5TWoA.mp4 466 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/e/applying-bernoulli-s-equation 2026-04-07T22:23:57.656416987Z Applying Bernoulli's equation Let's practice some problems to better understand how to apply Bernoulli's equation in some real-life situations. Satra exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-fluid-dynamics/v/venturi-effect-and-pitot-tubes 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Venturi effect and Pitot tubes The Venturi effect demonstrates how fluid speed increases and pressure decreases in constricted areas. This video breaks down Bernoulli's equation, revealing the surprising principle that faster fluid equals lower pressure. It also introduces the Pitot tube, a practical tool for measuring fluid velocity. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Nf_zTS5JSZCJFMznbusHlPrk6Npek1sM4Qv25PsmyivnjbSWfkoGDhVaCs_zqgUjI_8jd1YmqJcRMpeVQAaM6kE Venturi effect and Pitot tubes The Venturi effect demonstrates how fluid speed increases and pressure decreases in constricted areas. This video breaks down Bernoulli's equation, revealing the surprising principle that faster fluid equals lower pressure. It also introduces the Pitot tube, a practical tool for measuring fluid velocity. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Qz1g6kqvUG8.mp4/Qz1g6kqvUG8.mp4 598 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-viscosity/v/viscosity-and-poiseuille-flow 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Viscosity and Poiseuille flow Understand the concept of viscosity and how it affects the motion of fluids. Learn about the velocity gradient, the role of adhesive forces, and the impact of fluid depth. Discover the units of viscosity and real-life examples of different viscosities. Get introduced to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and the practical application of Poiseuille's Law. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ouZXLZ5Gpvf4h7zHv7hHzOGQYxIpA5PIcNN7l236DbbY91zzls7ULh0SdfSo-rlt0DcT0qHIGP5B-x3_TAizOxFI Viscosity and Poiseuille flow Understand the concept of viscosity and how it affects the motion of fluids. Learn about the velocity gradient, the role of adhesive forces, and the impact of fluid depth. Discover the units of viscosity and real-life examples of different viscosities. Get introduced to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and the practical application of Poiseuille's Law. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/G3bO8RcRgxQ.mp4/G3bO8RcRgxQ.mp4 666 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-viscosity/v/turbulence-at-high-velocities-and-reynolds-number 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Turbulence at high velocities and Reynold's number Explore the concept of Reynold's Number, a key predictor of fluid turbulence. Understand how this dimensionless quantity, calculated using viscosity, fluid density, and tube radius, helps identify the critical speed at which fluid flow becomes chaotic. This knowledge is particularly useful in predicting blood flow turbulence in the aorta. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/FLc2W_dIXTozttZfyG4kXCylmevkAcMTK0_UiAm4P2GjqZyyd_FTu_T8yH0wad4bY9_BVp0tBQp-8M8fpr5qqDo Turbulence at high velocities and Reynold's number Explore the concept of Reynold's Number, a key predictor of fluid turbulence. Understand how this dimensionless quantity, calculated using viscosity, fluid density, and tube radius, helps identify the critical speed at which fluid flow becomes chaotic. This knowledge is particularly useful in predicting blood flow turbulence in the aorta. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/ZcaPndok1hc.mp4/ZcaPndok1hc.mp4 130 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-viscosity/e/poisson-s-ratio 2025-05-22T20:00:19.681517034Z Poisson's ratio Poisson's ratio Chandan Ganotra exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-surface-tension/v/surface-tension-and-adhesion 2023-09-10T17:11:17.624018169Z Surface Tension and Adhesion Unravel the enigma of surface tension and adhesion in liquids, particularly water. Discover how cohesion between water molecules forms surface tension, enabling denser objects, like a needle, to sit on its surface. Investigate practical applications in clinical tests, camping, and hand washing. Explore adhesion, the pull of water molecules to other materials, and its contribution to capillary action. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/9lyCeX9FfIsE-CssN_KAlVDiDd-7aVbwmzMd1aTJHPqd-ydjcYs6e65r0IVzvFjov5VUcExCiQK1_9dS3-kdwa4D Surface Tension and Adhesion Unravel the enigma of surface tension and adhesion in liquids, particularly water. Discover how cohesion between water molecules forms surface tension, enabling denser objects, like a needle, to sit on its surface. Investigate practical applications in clinical tests, camping, and hand washing. Explore adhesion, the pull of water molecules to other materials, and its contribution to capillary action. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/pmagWO-kQ0M.mp4/pmagWO-kQ0M.mp4 398 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/structure-of-water-and-hydrogen-bonding/v/capillary-action-and-why-we-see-a-meniscus 2025-07-30T13:17:28.990785461Z Capillary action and why we see a meniscus A meniscus is a curved liquid surface that results from the interplay of adhesion (the liquid's attraction to its container) and cohesion (the liquid's attraction to itself). Adhesion also drives capillary action, which draws a liquid up a narrow tube. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/GcYBBVjS_-p2iwyhKPbdGPS8FjspWai1o5ZToJZyUTsr3rv9vCE2ScIgURtcq6S_AgKVrlrKd1HRs84b-Kx-MvtTtw Capillary action and why we see a meniscus A meniscus is a curved liquid surface that results from the interplay of adhesion (the liquid's attraction to its container) and cohesion (the liquid's attraction to itself). Adhesion also drives capillary action, which draws a liquid up a narrow tube. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/eQXGpturk3A.mp4/eQXGpturk3A.mp4 506 Mechanical properties of Fluids https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-surface-tension/e/surface-tension-and-surface-energy 2026-04-08T00:36:09.500768563Z Surface tension and surface energy Let's practice some problems to better understand the concepts of surface tension and surface energy in fluid mechanics. Satra exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-surface-tension/e/capillary-rise 2025-06-09T15:58:27.997162154Z Capillary Rise Capillary Rise Chandan Ganotra exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class11th-physics/in-in-class11th-physics-fluids/in-in-surface-tension/e/pressure-difference-due-to-curvature 2026-04-08T00:36:09.500768563Z Pressure difference due to curvature Let's practice some problems to better understand the excess pressure inside bubbles, drops, and other liquid formations with curved surfaces. Satra exercise