https://www.khanacademy.org/science/10th-grade-melcs/x1cfbe2e54160ac98:3rd-quarter/x1cfbe2e54160ac98:heredity/v/central-dogma-of-molecular-biology-2 2023-08-11T20:27:11.407186761Z Central dogma of molecular biology Discover the central dogma of molecular biology, the fundamental process that decodes our genetic information. Learn how DNA replicates itself, how DNA is transcribed into RNA, and how RNA is translated into proteins. Learn about the roles of nucleic acids and amino acids in this process. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/I_A-0Ww41Xli4P8fYgFfXkHLJXpL0ZHRjUDZUBhf9WnJ5XhvfvIXk2Ob8vM7Zu3Uxhj5XYs2efnM_LlzE3_EpjTT Central dogma of molecular biology Discover the central dogma of molecular biology, the fundamental process that decodes our genetic information. Learn how DNA replicates itself, how DNA is transcribed into RNA, and how RNA is translated into proteins. Learn about the roles of nucleic acids and amino acids in this process. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/KIvBn6gfRgY.mp4/KIvBn6gfRgY.mp4 262 Central dogma and protein synthesis https://www.khanacademy.org/science/10th-grade-melcs/x1cfbe2e54160ac98:3rd-quarter/x1cfbe2e54160ac98:heredity/v/central-dogma-revisited 2021-05-25T21:59:59Z Central dogma - revisited New discoveries have expanded on or even contradicted the original Central dogma of molecular biology as proposed by Watson and Crick. These discoveries include multiple alternate pathways of the molecules as well as different types of RNA that you'll need to know. By Tracy Kovach. Tracy Kim Kovach video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/R1O9PxJzwc5vla5m2l_DgmSDcnmoTWdBJEKmYyqq50e4EZIYI23BM71ImNe4TgH3nZAPN9Sx4pxeFSSvXWxcSxI Central dogma - revisited New discoveries have expanded on or even contradicted the original Central dogma of molecular biology as proposed by Watson and Crick. These discoveries include multiple alternate pathways of the molecules as well as different types of RNA that you'll need to know. By Tracy Kovach. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Yv94eGD7cUU.mp4/Yv94eGD7cUU.mp4 372 Central dogma and protein synthesis https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/translation/v/translation-mrna-to-protein 2023-06-22T09:32:02.370557018Z Translation (mRNA to protein) Translation is the process whereby mRNA is converted into proteins by ribosomes. Translation occurs in ribosomes, which are cellular structures made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Here, mRNA is converted into amino acid sequences, forming polypeptides. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids and matches them with mRNA codons, allowing ribosomes to synthesize proteins. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/52ee4b49-59a9-4d1f-810a-73cbf759856c_1280_720_base.png Translation (mRNA to protein) Translation is the process whereby mRNA is converted into proteins by ribosomes. Translation occurs in ribosomes, which are cellular structures made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Here, mRNA is converted into amino acid sequences, forming polypeptides. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids and matches them with mRNA codons, allowing ribosomes to synthesize proteins. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/ocAAkB32Hqs.mp4/ocAAkB32Hqs.mp4 850 Central dogma and protein synthesis https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/translation/v/rna-transcription-and-translation 2024-06-28T21:00:15.59562973Z DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation DNA serves as the molecular basis of heredity through replication, expression, and translation processes. Replication creates identical DNA strands, while transcription converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation then decodes mRNA into amino acids, forming proteins essential for life functions. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/806NZEbK_c_IhZXoSWOEeXAJvPTVj0XYvpEufW6b3b6PXpDcgrStb3a6XG0yGMghOYADT_XmGhaft8p7LU9fZPg DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation DNA serves as the molecular basis of heredity through replication, expression, and translation processes. Replication creates identical DNA strands, while transcription converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation then decodes mRNA into amino acids, forming proteins essential for life functions. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/6gUY5NoX1Lk.mp4/6gUY5NoX1Lk.mp4 924 Central dogma and protein synthesis https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/e/transcription-and-rna-processing 2025-11-24T22:40:49.011599776Z Transcription and RNA processing Test your knowledge of transcription and RNA processing! Megan Cohn exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/v/transcription-and-mrna-processing 2025-07-21T19:27:31.703149266Z Transcription and mRNA processing Transcription involves rewriting genetic information from DNA to mRNA, with RNA polymerase playing a crucial role. In eukaryotic cells, DNA to mRNA transcription occurs within the nucleus, producing pre-mRNA. This pre-mRNA undergoes processing, including the addition of a 5' cap, a poly-A tail, and splicing out introns, resulting in mature mRNA, which then leaves the nucleus for protein translation. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/7478f5d7-806e-42fe-99a1-eaa2d48c4e72_1280_720_base.png Transcription and mRNA processing Transcription involves rewriting genetic information from DNA to mRNA, with RNA polymerase playing a crucial role. In eukaryotic cells, DNA to mRNA transcription occurs within the nucleus, producing pre-mRNA. This pre-mRNA undergoes processing, including the addition of a 5' cap, a poly-A tail, and splicing out introns, resulting in mature mRNA, which then leaves the nucleus for protein translation. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/JQIwwJqF5D0.mp4/JQIwwJqF5D0.mp4 625 Central dogma and protein synthesis https://www.khanacademy.org/science/shs-biology-2/x2ea931c66bba6acd:3rd-quarter/x2ea931c66bba6acd:lesson-3-genetics-central-dogma/e/translation 2021-04-29T07:56:20Z Translation Test your knowledge on the process of translation! Ashley exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/v/post-translational-regulation 2023-06-22T09:32:02.370557018Z Post-transcriptional regulation Post-transcriptional regulation occurs in eukaryotes, stabilizing mRNA for translation. DNA transcribes into RNA, with exons coding for proteins and introns removed by spliceosomes. The mRNA acquires a 5' prime cap and 3' prime poly-A tail for protection and translation promotion. RNA editing, a rare process, alters RNA sequences through insertion, deletion, or base substitution, impacting viral enzymes and functions. Tracy Kim Kovach video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/KuRP_XvqqIhCysA4ilj4EXReqtZcRCPwG07CaSCcBngg89xAV1MuBvIW6rhI_a14APuZI_Qr6dMkAymDBwbdzwxy Post-transcriptional regulation Post-transcriptional regulation occurs in eukaryotes, stabilizing mRNA for translation. DNA transcribes into RNA, with exons coding for proteins and introns removed by spliceosomes. The mRNA acquires a 5' prime cap and 3' prime poly-A tail for protection and translation promotion. RNA editing, a rare process, alters RNA sequences through insertion, deletion, or base substitution, impacting viral enzymes and functions. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/nz5rbvt64kE.mp4/nz5rbvt64kE.mp4 368 Central dogma and protein synthesis https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-bio/x230b3ff252126bb6:gene-expression-and-regulation/x230b3ff252126bb6:untitled-348/a/transcription-and-mrna-processing 2026-04-02T04:18:15.637466676Z Transcription and mRNA processing Learn about how the cell transcribes the information in genes into mRNA molecules. article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/a/eukaryotic-gene-transcription-going-from-dna-to-mrna 2026-01-28T06:40:40.514834287Z Eukaryotic gene transcription: Going from DNA to mRNA article