https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/v/covalent-bonds 2023-12-18T19:15:22.874322042Z Covalent bonds Covalent bonds involve shared electron pairs between atoms. Each atom contributes one electron to each shared pair, and effectively gains an additional electron from the shared pair. Atoms share the same number of pairs needed to fill their valence shell, usually with eight. Hydrogen only needs one additional electron to fill its valence shell, so it shares only one pair. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/c5b45032-3e0e-4dc5-bfbe-fbeb4412d879_1280_720_base.png Covalent bonds Covalent bonds involve shared electron pairs between atoms. Each atom contributes one electron to each shared pair, and effectively gains an additional electron from the shared pair. Atoms share the same number of pairs needed to fill their valence shell, usually with eight. Hydrogen only needs one additional electron to fill its valence shell, so it shares only one pair. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/kS5iU4v0QZk.mp4/kS5iU4v0QZk.mp4 343 Covalent bonding https://www.khanacademy.org/science/telangana-class-10-physical-sciencein/x1ac9c643dc8dffee:carbon-and-its-compounds/x1ac9c643dc8dffee:bonding-in-carbon-covalent-bond/a/single-and-multiple-bonds-class-10-chemistry 2021-04-29T07:48:34Z Single and multiple covalent bonds article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/mh-grade-8-science/x0f256b8de9c7cf34:chemical-change-and-chemical-bond/x0f256b8de9c7cf34:chemical-reactions/e/covalent-bond-patterns 2025-11-24T07:40:38.02076627Z Covalent Bond Patterns An exercise for middle school that deals with covalent bonds. Joel Prakash Stephen exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:intramolecular-force-and-potential-energy/v/bond-length-and-bond-energy 2022-09-07T08:21:01.673602243Z Bond length and bond energy A diatomic molecule can be represented using a potential energy curve, which graphs potential energy versus the distance between the two atoms (called the internuclear distance). From this graph, we can determine the equilibrium bond length (the internuclear distance at the potential energy minimum) and the bond energy (the energy required to separate the two atoms). Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/3a0d9617-14c6-45a2-b90e-601c2c1b8b83_1280_720_base.png Bond length and bond energy A diatomic molecule can be represented using a potential energy curve, which graphs potential energy versus the distance between the two atoms (called the internuclear distance). From this graph, we can determine the equilibrium bond length (the internuclear distance at the potential energy minimum) and the bond energy (the energy required to separate the two atoms). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/EMCWvehKpd4.mp4/EMCWvehKpd4.mp4 402 Covalent bonding