https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:states-of-matter/x2613d8165d88df5e:electronegativity-and-bond-polarity/v/molecular-geometry-vsepr-theory 2024-07-03T22:39:39.589282457Z Molecular geometry (VSEPR theory) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is used to predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom. Learn how to use Lewis structures to count electron domains and predict molecular geometries while taking into account the effects of lone pairs. Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/fa3c89ca-040e-4c20-a9e8-78cf71f36176_1280_720_base.png Molecular geometry (VSEPR theory) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is used to predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom. Learn how to use Lewis structures to count electron domains and predict molecular geometries while taking into account the effects of lone pairs. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/v5OzQl860tA.mp4/v5OzQl860tA.mp4 756 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/v/vsepr-for-2-electron-clouds 2021-01-04T18:35:19Z VSEPR for 2 electron clouds The valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions. VSEPR is based on the idea that the “groups” or “clouds” of electrons surrounding an atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes the repulsions between them. In this video, we look at examples of molecules in which there are two groups of electrons around the central atom. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/6Q9tneHbifUqBWHMhgL4FaE9i38f2Py-8-4O4QsmnSbtsfBPkNkKUFs12IFThZQdV9zqzPfFsDojSYw-AAz1IeNgwA VSEPR for 2 electron clouds The valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions. VSEPR is based on the idea that the “groups” or “clouds” of electrons surrounding an atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes the repulsions between them. In this video, we look at examples of molecules in which there are two groups of electrons around the central atom. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/97POZGcfoY8.mp4/97POZGcfoY8.mp4 484 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/v/vsepr-for-3-electron-clouds 2021-01-04T18:35:19Z VSEPR for 3 electron clouds In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with three groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, three electron clouds will always adopt a trigonal planar electron geometry. If none of the clouds is a lone pair, the molecular geometry will also be trigonal planar. If one of the clouds is a lone pair, the molecular geometry will be bent. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/MYGASJgrfLxchZGF073sgv5puliEKLCqRjmBgrmhxK0PDCY6xHqrVchwy9Ct7SWKBJwHnoLqaKCBiWsnBWBFhNg VSEPR for 3 electron clouds In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with three groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, three electron clouds will always adopt a trigonal planar electron geometry. If none of the clouds is a lone pair, the molecular geometry will also be trigonal planar. If one of the clouds is a lone pair, the molecular geometry will be bent. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/3RDytvJYehY.mp4/3RDytvJYehY.mp4 753 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/v/vsepr-for-4-electron-clouds 2021-02-23T20:49:39Z VSEPR for 4 electron clouds In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with four groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, four electron clouds will always adopt a tetrahedral electron geometry. Depending on how many of the clouds are lone pairs, the molecular geometry will be tetrahedral (no lone pairs), trigonal pyramidal (one lone pair), or bent (two lone pairs). Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/exo8JHOqSURg5VvfOLM43e7Spk1dvV4GnHLYGuklJfBQw1tSohM3Mbigh77FBJuh9Z3W3V_IxAS1Js2qP3wFCW8 VSEPR for 4 electron clouds In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with four groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, four electron clouds will always adopt a tetrahedral electron geometry. Depending on how many of the clouds are lone pairs, the molecular geometry will be tetrahedral (no lone pairs), trigonal pyramidal (one lone pair), or bent (two lone pairs). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/ka8Yt4bTODs.mp4/ka8Yt4bTODs.mp4 605 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/v/vsepr-for-5-electron-clouds 2021-01-05T18:40:09Z VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (part 1) In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with five groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, five electron clouds will always adopt a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry. Depending on how many of the clouds are lone pairs, the molecular geometry will be trigonal bipyramidal (no lone pairs), seesaw (one lone pair), T-shaped (two lone pairs), or linear (three lone pairs). This video focuses on the first two molecular geometries, trigonal bipyramidal and seesaw. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/44yNGiCWjbjTo4p41LgrEMKlv_s2lj5FoY0BIAd4J4n8oRPH_esi9ISv0ME3RPv2zGsvvEEKvRVzHoVO3U_geus VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (part 1) In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with five groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, five electron clouds will always adopt a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry. Depending on how many of the clouds are lone pairs, the molecular geometry will be trigonal bipyramidal (no lone pairs), seesaw (one lone pair), T-shaped (two lone pairs), or linear (three lone pairs). This video focuses on the first two molecular geometries, trigonal bipyramidal and seesaw. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/0na0xtIHkXA.mp4/0na0xtIHkXA.mp4 898 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/v/vsepr-for-5-electron-clouds-continued 2021-02-23T20:49:38Z VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (part 2) In this video, we continue exploring VSEPR theory for molecules and ions with five regions or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom, focusing on examples where the molecular geometry is T-shaped (two of the clouds are lone pairs) or linear (three of the clouds are lone pairs). Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/fA4IIMnwPYhSdyJK9B3Zaj220dristl0gq5mcgYdLzbTx5InDb8tSK2X0EOhYfsxzypuGMEnE2s4-rGTlZIAxU0D VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (part 2) In this video, we continue exploring VSEPR theory for molecules and ions with five regions or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom, focusing on examples where the molecular geometry is T-shaped (two of the clouds are lone pairs) or linear (three of the clouds are lone pairs). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/ufzlgOyWBHE.mp4/ufzlgOyWBHE.mp4 648 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/v/vsepr-for-6-electron-clouds 2021-03-21T11:26:14Z VSEPR for 6 electron clouds In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with six groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, six electron clouds will always adopt a octahedral electron geometry. Depending on how many of the clouds are lone pairs, the molecular geometry will be octahedral (no lone pairs), square pyramidal (one lone pair), or square planer (two lone pairs). Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/fKFWgqH8lfSqi514nkBEzHukua-E_T1fhf7cR3_pbD2ZuAX9OEDU4s0MGUsoyQfqoDrRCBKJJoT264Hun7BVjic VSEPR for 6 electron clouds In this video, we apply VSEPR theory to molecules and ions with six groups or “clouds” of electrons around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, six electron clouds will always adopt a octahedral electron geometry. Depending on how many of the clouds are lone pairs, the molecular geometry will be octahedral (no lone pairs), square pyramidal (one lone pair), or square planer (two lone pairs). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/WEoml1Fs26I.mp4/WEoml1Fs26I.mp4 749 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:molecular-and-ionic-compound-structure-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:vsepr/e/vsepr 2023-08-07T17:25:22.494770007Z VSEPR Check your understanding of VSEPR in this set of free practice questions designed for AP Chemistry students. Lauren Rosebrugh exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/grade-11-chemistry-snc-aligned/x203b0fc81a964b2d:chemical-bonding/x203b0fc81a964b2d:bonding-theories/e/vsepr-ii 2025-05-14T05:31:01.421518925Z VSEPR - II Let's solve a few more types of questions to test the understanding of VSEPR theory. Revathi exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:states-of-matter/x2613d8165d88df5e:electronegativity-and-bond-polarity/v/molecular-polarity 2024-08-23T19:40:11.05599519Z Molecular polarity Molecular polarity is determined not just by individual polar bonds, but by the molecule’s 3D shape. Even if bonds are polar, the overall molecule may be nonpolar if the shape cancels out the dipoles. Whether a molecule is polar or not influences properties like solubility, boiling points, and intermolecular interactions. Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/4f1a9e89-10ef-4518-9950-04439950a288_1280_720_base.png Molecular polarity Molecular polarity is determined not just by individual polar bonds, but by the molecule’s 3D shape. Even if bonds are polar, the overall molecule may be nonpolar if the shape cancels out the dipoles. Whether a molecule is polar or not influences properties like solubility, boiling points, and intermolecular interactions. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/NfXITji_xw4.mp4/NfXITji_xw4.mp4 864 Bonding theories https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:states-of-matter/x2613d8165d88df5e:electronegativity-and-bond-polarity/e/apply-shapes-of-molecules 2026-03-30T02:41:21.274557177Z Apply: shapes of molecules Apply your understanding of VSEPR theory and molecular geometry in this set of free practice questions. Donna Fig exercise