https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:solubility-equilibria/v/solubility-product-constant-from-the-solubility 2022-09-05T08:18:59.810508578Z Introduction to solubility equilibria The solubility product constant, Kₛₚ, is an equilibrium constant that reflects the extent to which an ionic compound dissolves in water. For compounds that dissolve to produce the same number of ions, we can directly compare their Kₛₚ values to determine their relative solubilities. If we know the solubility of a salt, we can use this information to calculate the Kₛₚ value for the compound. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/72314172-3787-4009-a8d6-f99d45cb6b90_1280_720_base.png Introduction to solubility equilibria The solubility product constant, Kₛₚ, is an equilibrium constant that reflects the extent to which an ionic compound dissolves in water. For compounds that dissolve to produce the same number of ions, we can directly compare their Kₛₚ values to determine their relative solubilities. If we know the solubility of a salt, we can use this information to calculate the Kₛₚ value for the compound. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/N9a2r01ToZk.mp4/N9a2r01ToZk.mp4 497 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-equilibrium/equilibrium-constant/a/the-equilibrium-constant-k 2021-04-29T07:49:22Z The equilibrium constant K Reversible reactions, equilibrium, and the equilibrium constant K. How to calculate K, and how to use K to determine if a reaction strongly favors products or reactants at equilibrium.  article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:calculating-the-equilibrium-constant/v/worked-examples-calculating-equilibrium-constants-from-equilibrium-concentrations-or-partial-pressures 2022-10-05T02:43:18.611402953Z Worked examples: Calculating equilibrium constants In this video, we'll calculate equilibrium constants using measurements of concentration and partial pressures at equilibrium. First, we'll find Kc for an equilibrium system using equilibrium concentrations. Then, we'll find Kp for a different system using equilibrium partial pressures. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/974389d9-063b-4465-8725-7a1dffa31ecd_1280_720_base.png Worked examples: Calculating equilibrium constants In this video, we'll calculate equilibrium constants using measurements of concentration and partial pressures at equilibrium. First, we'll find Kc for an equilibrium system using equilibrium concentrations. Then, we'll find Kp for a different system using equilibrium partial pressures. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/5HZbCNg9mIw.mp4/5HZbCNg9mIw.mp4 492 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:solubility-equilibria/v/solubility-from-the-solubility-product-constant 2023-01-06T23:41:11.341040227Z Worked example: Calculating solubility from Kₛₚ A compound's molar solubility in water can be calculated from its Kₛₚ value at 25°C. To do so, first prepare an ICE (Initial, Change, and Equilibrium) table showing the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in terms of x, the molar solubility of the compound. Then, plug these expressions into the solubility-product expression for the compound and solve for the value of x. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/ce13b7aa-49dd-43e4-b643-798d5f69ee9b_1280_720_base.png Worked example: Calculating solubility from Kₛₚ A compound's molar solubility in water can be calculated from its Kₛₚ value at 25°C. To do so, first prepare an ICE (Initial, Change, and Equilibrium) table showing the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in terms of x, the molar solubility of the compound. Then, plug these expressions into the solubility-product expression for the compound and solve for the value of x. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Ywvw32DaxUk.mp4/Ywvw32DaxUk.mp4 292 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:solubility-equilibria/v/worked-example-predicting-whether-a-precipitate-forms-by-comparing-q-and-k 2022-10-05T02:43:18.611402953Z Worked example: Predicting whether a precipitate forms by comparing Q and Kₛₚ We can use the reaction quotient to predict whether a precipitate will form when two solutions containing dissolved ionic compounds are mixed. If Q < Kₛₚ, the newly mixed solution is undersaturated and no precipitate will form. If Q > Kₛₚ, the solution is oversaturated and a precipitate will form until Q = Kₛₚ. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/6b0cd6d9-be24-4705-95d4-0289078a3a08_1280_720_base.png Worked example: Predicting whether a precipitate forms by comparing Q and Kₛₚ We can use the reaction quotient to predict whether a precipitate will form when two solutions containing dissolved ionic compounds are mixed. If Q < Kₛₚ, the newly mixed solution is undersaturated and no precipitate will form. If Q > Kₛₚ, the solution is oversaturated and a precipitate will form until Q = Kₛₚ. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/vyENVkttVtw.mp4/vyENVkttVtw.mp4 496 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:solubility-equilibria/v/solubility-and-the-ph-of-the-solution 2022-09-05T08:18:59.810508578Z pH and solubility For ionic compounds containing basic anions, solubility increases as the pH of the solution is decreased. For ionic compounds containing anions of negligible basicity (such as the conjugate bases of strong acids), solubility is unaffected by changes in pH.  Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/6c96e0dd-87b6-4b4f-a3f4-1878e085103b_1280_720_base.png pH and solubility For ionic compounds containing basic anions, solubility increases as the pH of the solution is decreased. For ionic compounds containing anions of negligible basicity (such as the conjugate bases of strong acids), solubility is unaffected by changes in pH.  https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Z2bDnvDGQHQ.mp4/Z2bDnvDGQHQ.mp4 314 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/grade-11-chemistry-snc-aligned/x203b0fc81a964b2d:acid-base-chemistry/x203b0fc81a964b2d:solubility-equilibria/e/effect-of-dilution-of-acids-and-bases 2021-04-29T08:02:23Z Effect of dilution of acids and bases Let's practice to check the effect of hydronium and hydroxide ions on dilution acids and bases. exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:calculating-equilibrium-concentrations/v/worked-example-calculating-equilibrium-concentrations-from-initial-concentrations-and-the-equilibrium-constant 2022-10-05T02:43:18.611402953Z Worked example: Calculating equilibrium concentrations from initial concentrations In this video, we'll learn how to use initial concentrations along with the equilibrium constant to calculate the concentrations of reaction species at equilibrium. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/fb51c53d-94e3-4809-b533-f6bda44d6378_1280_720_base.png Worked example: Calculating equilibrium concentrations from initial concentrations In this video, we'll learn how to use initial concentrations along with the equilibrium constant to calculate the concentrations of reaction species at equilibrium. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/l81swfmUaek.mp4/l81swfmUaek.mp4 329 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:equilibrium/x2eef969c74e0d802:solubility-equilibria/e/solubility-equilibria 2021-08-19T23:56:28.151270963Z Solubility equilibria Check your understanding of solubility equilibria in this set of free practice questions designed for AP Chemistry students. exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:acids-and-bases/x2eef969c74e0d802:weak-acid-and-base-equilibria/v/weak-acid-equilibria 2022-10-05T02:43:18.611402953Z Weak acid equilibria Unlike strong acids, weak acids only partially ionize in aqueous solution. As a result, the concentration of H₃O⁺ in a weak acid solution is typically much less than the initial acid concentration. The relative strength of a weak acid is described by the acid ionization constant, Kₐ, which is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of the weak acid with water. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/bae31433-023c-4c59-a7c1-360d5c111365_1280_720_base.png Weak acid equilibria Unlike strong acids, weak acids only partially ionize in aqueous solution. As a result, the concentration of H₃O⁺ in a weak acid solution is typically much less than the initial acid concentration. The relative strength of a weak acid is described by the acid ionization constant, Kₐ, which is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of the weak acid with water. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/nJLNlB-7Rhk.mp4/nJLNlB-7Rhk.mp4 670 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:acids-and-bases/x2eef969c74e0d802:weak-acid-and-base-equilibria/v/worked-example-finding-the-percent-ionization-of-a-weak-acid 2021-07-31T00:23:16.684903809Z Worked example: Finding the percent ionization of a weak acid The percent ionization of a weak acid, HA, is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium H₃O⁺ concentration to the initial HA concentration, multiplied by 100%. In this video, we'll use this relationship to find the percent ionization of acetic acid in a 0.20 M solution. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Worked example: Finding the percent ionization of a weak acid The percent ionization of a weak acid, HA, is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium H₃O⁺ concentration to the initial HA concentration, multiplied by 100%. In this video, we'll use this relationship to find the percent ionization of acetic acid in a 0.20 M solution. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/_jEe0Tkyn3w.mp4/_jEe0Tkyn3w.mp4 410 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:acids-and-bases/x2eef969c74e0d802:weak-acid-and-base-equilibria/v/weak-base-equilibria 2022-10-05T02:43:18.611402953Z Weak base equilibria Weak bases partially ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions. Because the ionization is not complete, the concentration of OH⁻ in a weak base solution is typically much less than the initial base concentration. The relative strength of a weak base is described by the base ionization constant, Kb, which is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of the weak base with water. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/8fe22b44-8464-4a1b-a336-2aa8c81c7b80_1280_720_base.png Weak base equilibria Weak bases partially ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions. Because the ionization is not complete, the concentration of OH⁻ in a weak base solution is typically much less than the initial base concentration. The relative strength of a weak base is described by the base ionization constant, Kb, which is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of the weak base with water. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/cvcgH3ohcNg.mp4/cvcgH3ohcNg.mp4 570 Solubility equilibria https://www.khanacademy.org/science/grade-11-chemistry-snc-aligned/x203b0fc81a964b2d:acid-base-chemistry/x203b0fc81a964b2d:solubility-equilibria/a/weak-acid-base-equilibria 2021-04-29T07:49:41Z Weak acid-base equilibria Weak acid and base ionization reactions and the related equilibrium constants,  Ka and Kb. Relating Ka and Kb to pH, and calculating percent dissociation.  article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:acids-and-bases/x2eef969c74e0d802:weak-acid-and-base-equilibria/e/weak-acid-and-base-equilibria 2025-04-25T17:33:59.347925776Z Weak acid and base equilibria Practice calculations involving solutions of weak acids and bases in this set of free practice questions designed for AP Chemistry students. exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:acids-and-bases/x2eef969c74e0d802:introduction-to-acids-and-bases/v/worked-examples-calculating-hydronium-ion-concentration-and-ph 2022-10-05T02:43:18.611402953Z Worked examples: Calculating [H₃O⁺] and pH In this video, we'll solve for [H₃O⁺] and pH in two different worked examples. First, we'll walk through the possible approaches for calculating [H₃O⁺] from pOH. Then, we'll find the pH of pure water at 50°C from the value of the autoionization constant at 50°C. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/e67920d2-30a0-40ef-bcfb-a7761c9673f6_1280_720_base.png Worked examples: Calculating [H₃O⁺] and pH In this video, we'll solve for [H₃O⁺] and pH in two different worked examples. First, we'll walk through the possible approaches for calculating [H₃O⁺] from pOH. Then, we'll find the pH of pure water at 50°C from the value of the autoionization constant at 50°C. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/qK_YVKAat1w.mp4/qK_YVKAat1w.mp4 425 Solubility equilibria