https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/elements-of-life/v/elemental-building-blocks-of-biological-molecules 2023-02-11T04:51:02.118761433Z Elemental building blocks of biological molecules Common elemental building blocks of biological molecules: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/rZ_StelV0pgmZLadnxWk2JY5EK5quy6Zw-N6qf6E_DQdW50-2BzfQ9rWl2JO2ppehuIK6lQj3v0GnF2nSh9ueyyXhQ Elemental building blocks of biological molecules Common elemental building blocks of biological molecules: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/vnsrBHkYTq4.mp4/vnsrBHkYTq4.mp4 271 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/elements-of-life/a/matter-elements-atoms-article 2021-04-29T08:02:50Z Matter, elements, and atoms Learn about the structure of the atom, and how atoms make up matter. An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.  article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/v/ionic-bonds 2023-03-31T23:16:47.953017837Z Ionic bonds Atoms interact with each other through the formation of chemical bonds. One type of chemical bond is an ionic bond. Ionic bonds result from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. For example, sodium cations (positively charged ions) and chlorine anions (negatively charged ions) are connected via ionic bonds in sodium chloride, or table salt. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/78c67bc9-cdff-44b8-b61d-e44a9f9f0e4d_1280_720_base.png Ionic bonds Atoms interact with each other through the formation of chemical bonds. One type of chemical bond is an ionic bond. Ionic bonds result from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. For example, sodium cations (positively charged ions) and chlorine anions (negatively charged ions) are connected via ionic bonds in sodium chloride, or table salt. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/FaeAurHnQJs.mp4/FaeAurHnQJs.mp4 250 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/telangana-class-10-physical-sciencein/x1ac9c643dc8dffee:carbon-and-its-compounds/x1ac9c643dc8dffee:bonding-in-carbon-covalent-bond/v/covalent-bond-carbon-and-its-compounds-chemistry-khan-academy 2020-09-04T10:56:27Z Covalent bond Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. We provide teachers with tools and data so they can help their students develop the skills, habits, and mindsets for success in school and beyond. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, we would love your help! Donate here: https://www.khanacademy.org/donate?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc Created by Ram Prakash video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/rmJ4ya2LxbTV1NGtm2rRR7WJG7ylkYf_jAuz_n7aoUM7DxDQJFAZ3sSQESnwOsNB-7MI5tI8umSw3E0S6AsyJ9Y Covalent bond Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. We provide teachers with tools and data so they can help their students develop the skills, habits, and mindsets for success in school and beyond. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, we would love your help! Donate here: https://www.khanacademy.org/donate?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc Created by Ram Prakash https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/jigBe0moNgQ.mp4/jigBe0moNgQ.mp4 754 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:states-of-matter/x2613d8165d88df5e:intermolecular-forces/v/hydrogen-bonding 2022-09-05T08:18:59.810508578Z Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between the lone pair of a highly electronegative atom (typically N, O, or F) and the hydrogen atom in a N–H, O–H, or F–H bond. Hydrogen bonds can form between different molecules (intermolecular hydrogen bonding) or between different parts of the same molecule (intramolecular hydrogen bonding). Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/cc7f3705-0765-4450-91db-3a33e7d96b13_1280_720_base.png Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between the lone pair of a highly electronegative atom (typically N, O, or F) and the hydrogen atom in a N–H, O–H, or F–H bond. Hydrogen bonds can form between different molecules (intermolecular hydrogen bonding) or between different parts of the same molecule (intramolecular hydrogen bonding). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/ltxqQbiI6-o.mp4/ltxqQbiI6-o.mp4 399 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/a/chemical-bonds-article 2021-04-29T07:53:29Z Chemical bonds Chemical bonds hold molecules together and create temporary connections that are essential to life. Types of chemical bonds including covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces. article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-bio/x230b3ff252126bb6:energy-and-matter-in-biological-systems/x230b3ff252126bb6:biomolecules-and-reactions/e/understand-types-of-biomolecules 2026-04-07T22:23:57.656416987Z Understand: biomolecules and reactions Check your understanding of biomolecules and reactions in this set of free, standards-aligned practice questions. Wieteke Holthuijzen exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-bio/x230b3ff252126bb6:energy-and-matter-in-biological-systems/x230b3ff252126bb6:biomolecules-and-reactions/a/types-of-biomolecules 2024-06-12T19:16:42.550703216Z Types of biomolecules Learn about biomolecules and their roles in cellular processes, functions, and structures. article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/properties-structure-and-function-of-biological-macromolecules/e/properties--structure--and-function-of-biological-macromolecules-exercise 2023-08-07T17:09:37.131449861Z Properties, structure, and function of biological macromolecules Test your knowledge of the properties, structure, and function of biological macromolecules Haider Ali Bhatti exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-bio/x230b3ff252126bb6:energy-and-matter-in-biological-systems/x230b3ff252126bb6:biomolecules-and-reactions/v/formation-of-biomolecules 2022-09-24T04:45:13.131282509Z Formation of biomolecules Sugar molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids and other carbon-based molecules that can be assembled into larger molecules (such as proteins or DNA), used for example to form new cells. As matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of living systems, chemical elements are recombined in different ways to form different products. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/cd125aa1-075e-49f3-9abf-703869ab53cc_1280_720_base.png Formation of biomolecules Sugar molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids and other carbon-based molecules that can be assembled into larger molecules (such as proteins or DNA), used for example to form new cells. As matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of living systems, chemical elements are recombined in different ways to form different products. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/9RUSMa-UIcQ.mp4/9RUSMa-UIcQ.mp4 436 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/properties-structure-and-function-of-biological-macromolecules/a/hs-biological-macromolecules-review 2021-04-29T07:53:34Z Biological macromolecules review article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/v/dehydration-synthesis-or-a-condensation-reaction 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z Dehydration synthesis or a condensation reaction The monosaccharide glucose can be used as a building block for more complex sugars and carbohydrates. Two glucose molecules can be linked together through a dehydration synthesis reaction to form a disaccharide called maltose. This process can be repeated to form polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/HWHH-zrhH5j4uaKQE-sc3HzJzg07kWftWDCld3ypBuTNHlJhHt1-5FnrzGSIg6HG9XkvPatj_DYSDu1G61oq5EgY Dehydration synthesis or a condensation reaction The monosaccharide glucose can be used as a building block for more complex sugars and carbohydrates. Two glucose molecules can be linked together through a dehydration synthesis reaction to form a disaccharide called maltose. This process can be repeated to form polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/FEAXI5XeJ4M.mp4/FEAXI5XeJ4M.mp4 603 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/v/hydrolysis 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z Hydrolysis Polysaccharides, such as starch, chitin, glycogen, and cellulose, can be broken down into monosaccharides. This occurs through the process of hydrolysis, which uses water to break the bonds between monosaccharides. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/amaFAICqqgVZGvd5n7GJOAz2FwMPD2VUAv-e2LKiZME_V74zol2XKIRTZSxP4KQLsSeDp7qykYeKJJ79ANKpORqT Hydrolysis Polysaccharides, such as starch, chitin, glycogen, and cellulose, can be broken down into monosaccharides. This occurs through the process of hydrolysis, which uses water to break the bonds between monosaccharides. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/SOQyiM6V3RQ.mp4/SOQyiM6V3RQ.mp4 509 Introduction to molecular biology https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/e/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules-exercise 2023-08-07T17:09:37.131449861Z Introduction to biological macromolecules Test your knowledge of biological macromolecules! Haider Ali Bhatti exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/a/introduction-to-macromolecules 2021-04-29T07:53:30Z Introduction to macromolecules Types of large biological molecules. Monomers, polymers, dehydration synthesis, and hydrolysis. article