https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-bio/x230b3ff252126bb6:energy-and-matter-in-biological-systems/x230b3ff252126bb6:biomolecules-and-reactions/v/introduction-to-proteins-and-amino-acids 2023-09-14T11:07:34.466749579Z Introduction to proteins and amino acids Proteins, large biomolecules or macromolecules, play a vital role in almost every biological process. They are made up of chains of amino acids, which are their building blocks. These chains, known as polypeptides, can form complex shapes, contributing to the diverse functions of proteins. Proteins can provide structure, facilitate muscle contraction, catalyze reactions as enzymes, and participate in immune response and signaling. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/7d140eef-7cac-45a0-9370-f705e69d9d10_1280_720_base.png Introduction to proteins and amino acids Proteins, large biomolecules or macromolecules, play a vital role in almost every biological process. They are made up of chains of amino acids, which are their building blocks. These chains, known as polypeptides, can form complex shapes, contributing to the diverse functions of proteins. Proteins can provide structure, facilitate muscle contraction, catalyze reactions as enzymes, and participate in immune response and signaling. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/78QUeXVKiJ4.mp4/78QUeXVKiJ4.mp4 353 Proteins: structure and composition https://www.khanacademy.org/science/shs-physical-science/x0492729e402f0c6b:unit-1-name/x0492729e402f0c6b:properties-and-structure-of-biomolecules/v/amino-acid-structure 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z Amino acid structure Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group, carboxylic acid group, alpha carbon, and side chain. Most amino acids have a chiral carbon, which allows them to rotate polarized light. Amino acids can have either an L- or D- configuration, but only the L- form is found in the human body. Tracy Kim Kovach video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/J-5_j1Rdry3Fg-JF4qL6XloVOPvQ161fiRNoQUNJeng-4VcANvJuIRRmnGG8en3CizzxRvMvu43rI6UFeHfzN-Qq6Q Amino acid structure Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group, carboxylic acid group, alpha carbon, and side chain. Most amino acids have a chiral carbon, which allows them to rotate polarized light. Amino acids can have either an L- or D- configuration, but only the L- form is found in the human body. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/BbZB-WBVFSk.mp4/BbZB-WBVFSk.mp4 655 Proteins: structure and composition https://www.khanacademy.org/science/grade-11-biology-snc-aligned/x58c107ba92d3f0b2:introduction-to-molecular-biology/x58c107ba92d3f0b2:proteins-structure-and-composition/e/amino-acids-and-proteins-questions 2025-03-11T02:14:28.644904909Z Amino acids and proteins questions Amino acids and proteins questions Bradley Kolb exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/macromolecules/proteins-and-amino-acids/a/introduction-to-proteins-and-amino-acids 2021-04-29T07:56:49Z Introduction to proteins and amino acids Different types of proteins. The structure and properties of amino acids. Formation of peptide bonds. article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/telangana-class-12-chemistry/x50160c6c142df488:biomolecules/x50160c6c142df488:proteins/v/classification-amino-acids 2021-05-25T21:59:59Z Classification of amino acids Amino acids can be classified according to their side chain's chemical properties (the R-group). This video will show you how! By Tracy Kovach. Tracy Kim Kovach video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Vh75r6ibhh42loaX64lKiFll_QxsPb6BSiOevKyNXgaA827SCKBAzPbw4oQUe2bSsMQ0GnCzcAz8964gghQPfk4h3Q Classification of amino acids Amino acids can be classified according to their side chain's chemical properties (the R-group). This video will show you how! By Tracy Kovach. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/OPAvXQsPCqQ.mp4/OPAvXQsPCqQ.mp4 366 Proteins: structure and composition https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/properties-structure-and-function-of-biological-macromolecules/v/introduction-to-amino-acids 2021-03-18T10:33:24Z Introduction to amino acids Amino acids and the central dogma of molecular biology. Amino and carboxyl groups, side chains, and zwitterions. video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/NlG--ihSHoO8Xi5BaSaQVKoGahr4wvIGGkmFAvpqriZdZ3PjO9XlcwOed9JinbR3aG4t8Lcpg6PUvl0G8iDi4hAU Introduction to amino acids Amino acids and the central dogma of molecular biology. Amino and carboxyl groups, side chains, and zwitterions. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/Pk4d9lY48GI.mp4/Pk4d9lY48GI.mp4 594 Proteins: structure and composition https://www.khanacademy.org/science/shs-physical-science/x0492729e402f0c6b:unit-1-name/x0492729e402f0c6b:properties-and-structure-of-biomolecules/a/amino-acid-structure-and-classifications 2024-10-08T13:00:40.553432776Z Amino acid structure and classifications This article reviews the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, their structures, symbols, and abbreviations, and related information important for the MCAT. article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/macromolecules/proteins-and-amino-acids/v/peptide-bond-formation 2021-03-18T10:33:23Z Peptide bond formation How amino acids form peptide bonds (peptide linkages) through a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis). video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/NTglMUp85MtJs8VhqDdR7MKpsF0ZnK9NxwB7LFjiw6C_nQTgU_OJ0KigMM9DMep7K38LdrGRspQQJbp_SUlwqEqZNQ Peptide bond formation How amino acids form peptide bonds (peptide linkages) through a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis). https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/nv2kfBFkv4s.mp4/nv2kfBFkv4s.mp4 506 Proteins: structure and composition https://www.khanacademy.org/science/telangana-class-12-chemistry/x50160c6c142df488:biomolecules/x50160c6c142df488:proteins/v/peptide-bond-formation-and-cleavage 2023-08-11T20:27:11.407186761Z Peptide bonds: Formation and cleavage Peptide bonds are the vital links that connect amino acids to form polypeptide chains, which fold into functional proteins. These bonds are formed through a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction and are characterized by their rigidity and planarity, thanks to resonance delocalization. The process of breaking these bonds is called hydrolysis, which can be nonspecific with strong acids or specific with proteolytic enzymes. By Tracy Kovach. Tracy Kim Kovach video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/DPDltlvVPiC4ObaQqHJSfb3_jt9nthyOR_F4c344csZ3FN59dwCBAXABFHrZOyOSaBalpxCDFK5WzidAoZAvIBl3 Peptide bonds: Formation and cleavage Peptide bonds are the vital links that connect amino acids to form polypeptide chains, which fold into functional proteins. These bonds are formed through a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction and are characterized by their rigidity and planarity, thanks to resonance delocalization. The process of breaking these bonds is called hydrolysis, which can be nonspecific with strong acids or specific with proteolytic enzymes. By Tracy Kovach. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/pmQuNRHJMw4.mp4/pmQuNRHJMw4.mp4 431 Proteins: structure and composition https://www.khanacademy.org/science/grade-11-biology-snc-aligned/x58c107ba92d3f0b2:domain-h-reproduction-and-inheritance/x58c107ba92d3f0b2:mutations-and-chromosomal-disorders/v/the-different-types-of-mutations 2022-11-16T04:22:43.7414897Z The different types of mutations There are different types of genetic mutations that can occur in a cell. Point mutations involve the replacement of one base with another.Frame-shift mutations occur when a base is added or removed from the sequence. Non-sense mutations create a stop codon, which can prevent the protein from being produced entirely, while missense mutations result in the substitution of one amino acid for another. Ross Firestone video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/7sVZJpC1SqIzlGDuZHoP4cnlokDWtrYYsEeUTkx2yhA39Guzppta-9uSpEGtUwnBFFFLilFEswdkomSJ-GtVXwvaCg The different types of mutations There are different types of genetic mutations that can occur in a cell. Point mutations involve the replacement of one base with another.Frame-shift mutations occur when a base is added or removed from the sequence. Non-sense mutations create a stop codon, which can prevent the protein from being produced entirely, while missense mutations result in the substitution of one amino acid for another. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/xYOK-yzUWSI.mp4/xYOK-yzUWSI.mp4 352 Proteins: structure and composition