https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/introduction-to-biological-macromolecules/v/covalent-bonds 2023-12-18T19:15:22.874322042Z Covalent bonds Covalent bonds involve shared electron pairs between atoms. Each atom contributes one electron to each shared pair, and effectively gains an additional electron from the shared pair. Atoms share the same number of pairs needed to fill their valence shell, usually with eight. Hydrogen only needs one additional electron to fill its valence shell, so it shares only one pair. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/c5b45032-3e0e-4dc5-bfbe-fbeb4412d879_1280_720_base.png Covalent bonds Covalent bonds involve shared electron pairs between atoms. Each atom contributes one electron to each shared pair, and effectively gains an additional electron from the shared pair. Atoms share the same number of pairs needed to fill their valence shell, usually with eight. Hydrogen only needs one additional electron to fill its valence shell, so it shares only one pair. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/kS5iU4v0QZk.mp4/kS5iU4v0QZk.mp4 343 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cambridge-o-level-chemistry-cie/x8bc8fb44369617ed:atoms-elements-and-compounds/x8bc8fb44369617ed:simple-molecules-and-covalent-bonds/v/covalent-bond-ur 2025-08-08T00:24:37.843818748Z Covalent bond Created by Khan Academy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Covalent bond Created by Khan Academy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/yPwv70VkyfU.mp4/yPwv70VkyfU.mp4 754 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cambridge-o-level-chemistry-cie/x8bc8fb44369617ed:atoms-elements-and-compounds/x8bc8fb44369617ed:simple-molecules-and-covalent-bonds/v/covalent-bond-molecules-with-same-atoms-ur 2025-08-07T23:35:51.501752344Z Covalent bond: Molecules with same atoms Created by Khan Academy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Covalent bond: Molecules with same atoms Created by Khan Academy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/U-ShBJ_T6C4.mp4/U-ShBJ_T6C4.mp4 289 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cambridge-o-level-chemistry-cie/x8bc8fb44369617ed:atoms-elements-and-compounds/x8bc8fb44369617ed:simple-molecules-and-covalent-bonds/v/covalent-bond-molecules-with-different-atoms-ur 2025-08-07T23:35:51.501752344Z Covalent bond: Molecules with different atoms Created by Khan Academy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Covalent bond: Molecules with different atoms Created by Khan Academy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/jtP3y2KUHK4.mp4/jtP3y2KUHK4.mp4 346 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cambridge-o-level-chemistry-cie/x8bc8fb44369617ed:atoms-elements-and-compounds/x8bc8fb44369617ed:simple-molecules-and-covalent-bonds/v/covalent-bond-and-lewis-dot-structure-of-h2o-co2 2026-04-29T07:20:45.495372596Z Covalent bond and Lewis dot structure of H2O & CO2 Covalent bond and Lewis dot structure of H2O & CO2 Khan Academy Pakistan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ZCdwTudJg6e6n-P2gsaUborP4izvMsGo71pvEVlX9dNYWcLXcP7VHkWpn2grt4TUP1KoJLQP9NswyHBuBLSFTBw Covalent bond and Lewis dot structure of H2O & CO2 Covalent bond and Lewis dot structure of H2O & CO2 https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/wcbmuX8aXfU.mp4/wcbmuX8aXfU.mp4 612 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:chemical-bonding/x2613d8165d88df5e:covalent-bonds/v/lewis-diagrams-for-molecules 2024-07-30T18:37:10.491014513Z Lewis diagrams for molecules Lewis diagrams (or Lewis structures) are models that show how atoms are bonded together in a molecule and the arrangement of valence electrons around the atoms in that molecule. They provide a visual representation that helps us understand molecular bonding, visualize molecular shapes, and predict chemical reactivity. Mahesh Shenoy video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/37a1fc5e-c3a6-466a-8c77-7220107a887f_1280_720_base.png Lewis diagrams for molecules Lewis diagrams (or Lewis structures) are models that show how atoms are bonded together in a molecule and the arrangement of valence electrons around the atoms in that molecule. They provide a visual representation that helps us understand molecular bonding, visualize molecular shapes, and predict chemical reactivity. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/6jndt6MXgtA.mp4/6jndt6MXgtA.mp4 878 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/gen-chem-review/dot-strcutures-jay/v/dot-structures-i-single-bonds-1 2021-03-23T09:46:01Z Dot structures I: Single bonds How to draw single bonds using dots to represent valence electrons. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/PqnGBMwbtZTuieBeZ_8ei6NYkXzT448fHcsTCt0DUyDz6QxvzPuMu_m_qxRuLsG-W6avRH2aTVyNkFepOQ4UBgNu Dot structures I: Single bonds How to draw single bonds using dots to represent valence electrons. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/BIZNBfBuu1w.mp4/BIZNBfBuu1w.mp4 417 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/gen-chem-review/dot-strcutures-jay/v/dot-structures-ii-multiple-bonds-1 2021-03-22T03:07:32Z Dot structures II: Multiple bonds How to draw double and triple bonds using dots to represent valence electrons. Jay video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/EH6iVAnuJGvq_GVcqyviOu11WQfLZXuh2dFJF7R26bfxsMsk0tvElR2WmRhToK0vD9kbsOfzaVGDwP2DyCrWRVf9 Dot structures II: Multiple bonds How to draw double and triple bonds using dots to represent valence electrons. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/WLGTx6sSIOc.mp4/WLGTx6sSIOc.mp4 359 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:intermolecular-forces-and-properties/x2eef969c74e0d802:properties-of-solids/v/molecular-solids 2022-09-11T01:04:41.009667842Z Molecular solids Molecular solids are composed of discrete molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Because these interactions are relatively weak, molecular solids tend to be soft and have low to moderate melting points. Molecular solids are also poor conductors of electricity because their valence electrons are tightly held within each individual molecule. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka_thumbnails_cache/319ef336-f7f3-4423-afc6-0ac0ad64cdcf_1280_720_base.png Molecular solids Molecular solids are composed of discrete molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Because these interactions are relatively weak, molecular solids tend to be soft and have low to moderate melting points. Molecular solids are also poor conductors of electricity because their valence electrons are tightly held within each individual molecule. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/6mBhd8whoWk.mp4/6mBhd8whoWk.mp4 493 Simple molecules and covalent bonds https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:chemical-bonding/x2613d8165d88df5e:covalent-bonds/e/understand-covalent-bonds 2026-04-26T16:30:39.382257956Z Understand: Covalent bonds Check your understanding of covalent bonds in this set of free practice questions. Emily Cizmas exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:chemical-bonding/x2613d8165d88df5e:metallic-bonds/e/apply-predicting-bond-type 2026-04-27T10:30:47.716252349Z Apply: Predicting bond type Apply your knowledge to predict bond type in this set of free practice questions. Emily Cizmas exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/bridge-course-class-11th-chemistry/x426c9d2c554669cb:chemical-bonding/x426c9d2c554669cb:basics-of-covalent-bonding/e/covalent-bonding-molecules-with-same-atoms 2026-04-08T00:36:09.500768563Z Covalent bonding: Molecules with same atoms Let's solve some questions! vibhor exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/bridge-course-class-11th-chemistry/x426c9d2c554669cb:chemical-bonding/x426c9d2c554669cb:basics-of-covalent-bonding/e/covalent-bonding-molecules-with-different-atoms 2026-04-08T01:15:04.085520103Z Covalent bonding: Molecules with different atoms Let's solve some questions! vibhor exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:chemical-bonding/x2613d8165d88df5e:covalent-bonds/e/apply-predicting-covalent-bonds 2026-04-26T16:30:39.382257956Z Apply: Predicting covalent bonds Apply your knowledge of covalent bonds in this set of free practice questions. Emily Cizmas exercise https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry/x2613d8165d88df5e:chemical-bonding/x2613d8165d88df5e:covalent-bonds/a/molecules-salts-compounds-and-chemicals-what-s-the-difference 2026-04-27T10:30:47.716252349Z Learn and try: Molecules, salts, compounds, and chemicals: What's the difference? Learn how to describe different chemical substances. article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/class-9-chemistry/x46dd29ce84a663ea:atoms-and-molecules/x46dd29ce84a663ea:molecules-and-ions/a/paul-article-2 2021-04-29T08:00:35Z Molecules and compounds Compounds can be classified as ionic or covalent. Molecules are the simplest unit of a covalent compound, and molecules can be represented in many different ways.  article https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cambridge-o-level-chemistry-cie/x8bc8fb44369617ed:atoms-elements-and-compounds/x8bc8fb44369617ed:simple-molecules-and-covalent-bonds/a/single-and-multiple-covalent-bonds 2021-04-29T08:03:56Z Single and multiple covalent bonds article