https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/activity-opener-a-nation-in-crisis 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z Activity: A Nation in Crisis You are a citizen of a fictional nation in the throes of ideological struggle. Which side will you choose? article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/activity-contextualization-the-great-depression-origins 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z Activity: Contextualization—The Great Depression Investigate the context for the Great Depression to deepen your understanding of how both capitalism and globalization played a role. article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/article-global-great-depression 2025-08-12T03:52:41.296842565Z Global Great Depression The Great Depression was about as fun as it sounds. Like most difficult historical events, this economic disaster changed how people lived, and how they wanted to live. article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/what-is-fascism-world-history-project-beta 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z What is Fascism? Professor Amy Robinson discusses fascism, a violent ideology that emerged in Italy and Germany after World War I. Fascist leaders like Mussolini and Hitler used nationalism and racism to push their citizens to expel or murder those deemed to be enemies of the state. Fascism wasn't just limited to one historical period or geography, however: Professor Robinson describes fascist movements in the US as well, including the KKK. World History Project video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/TMj4unv6Ad_JNVseSFW3e26QotHby3jWA4ybUjgKwvsDg_iOgBC5a-rBXOMImEXyu-ie4LxyKFFghVk_ZyDpmLQ What is Fascism? Professor Amy Robinson discusses fascism, a violent ideology that emerged in Italy and Germany after World War I. Fascist leaders like Mussolini and Hitler used nationalism and racism to push their citizens to expel or murder those deemed to be enemies of the state. Fascism wasn't just limited to one historical period or geography, however: Professor Robinson describes fascist movements in the US as well, including the KKK. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/uE-ewzt9Yfg.mp4/uE-ewzt9Yfg.mp4 796 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/article-exercising-authoritarianism 2025-08-12T03:52:41.296842565Z Exercising Authoritarianism As authoritarian leads came to power in many countries, some people might have realized the horrors to come, but most barely recognized the danger. article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/internationalism-between-the-wars-world-history-project-beta 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z Internationalism Between the Wars During the 1920s, politicians, scientists, veterans, activists, and every-day citizens sought to increase international connections with the goal of ending war and making the world a better place. The League of Nations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, scientific conferences, trade unions, and Interpol were just some of these attempts. This video overviews these changes, as well as the long history of internationalism before the twentieth century. But the internationalism of the 1920s quickly fell apart during the 1930s as the League of Nations failed to curb increasing nationalism and authoritarianism. World History Project video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/Vqcpx_1XVvUNw01OX8eaI7q0jaruQzh1up08HcTWL8mLpNy5YpuQhS4IkWbOIutyn2FJAJeZ0B7ZwDKAoPytYDYY Internationalism Between the Wars During the 1920s, politicians, scientists, veterans, activists, and every-day citizens sought to increase international connections with the goal of ending war and making the world a better place. The League of Nations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, scientific conferences, trade unions, and Interpol were just some of these attempts. This video overviews these changes, as well as the long history of internationalism before the twentieth century. But the internationalism of the 1920s quickly fell apart during the 1930s as the League of Nations failed to curb increasing nationalism and authoritarianism. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/rnThnBwcLEs.mp4/rnThnBwcLEs.mp4 624 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/activity-political-party-platform-origins 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z Activity: Political Party Platform In this activity, you'll examine one party's platform and try to determine why it would have appealed to so many people. article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/activity-closer-power-propaganda-and-pad-thai 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z Activity: Power, Propaganda, and Pad Thai During the Second World War, a dictator arose in Thailand. How did his ideologies and strategies reflect the conflicts of the interwar period? article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/a/article-plaek-phibunsongkhram 2026-06-30T12:40:47.173333589Z Plaek Phibunsongkhram Graphic Bio As the leader of Thailand, Plaek Phibunsongkhram shaped his own version of fascism and aligned the country with Japan during the Second World War. article https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/initial-rise-of-hitler-and-the-nazis 2020-06-23T07:22:41Z Initial rise of Hitler and the Nazis The beginnings of Nazism. For extra coverage of World War 2 outside the scope of the AP course, click here. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/ENAIg8mScDt3jau-esU9Rq0ChQqoWLSv9hLfWD6wxt6g5erjD9RuBi7ecbcgsFiYeAyyzWcEJlk1DfevSLNTPqM Initial rise of Hitler and the Nazis The beginnings of Nazism. For extra coverage of World War 2 outside the scope of the AP course, click here. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/QCkn5bu8GgM.mp4/QCkn5bu8GgM.mp4 667 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/hitler-and-the-nazis-come-to-power 2024-06-06T10:58:51.23680673Z Hitler and the Nazis come to power Hitler's rise to power began with Mein Kampf in 1924. Then the Great Depression helped the Nazi party gain influence. In 1932, Hitler received 35% of the presidential vote. In 1933, the Reichstag fire gave Hitler emergency powers, and the Enabling Act gave him legislative powers. By July 1933, the Nazi's were Germany's only legal party. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/sGUlS01TsUxJc6Lco_ph6khoOjYfsfAS3hPqfDauKkZt6io23hzoRBi4-YfjXl2XXIAChuES1l3PWTQFqT_9x2kihw Hitler and the Nazis come to power Hitler's rise to power began with Mein Kampf in 1924. Then the Great Depression helped the Nazi party gain influence. In 1932, Hitler received 35% of the presidential vote. In 1933, the Reichstag fire gave Hitler emergency powers, and the Enabling Act gave him legislative powers. By July 1933, the Nazi's were Germany's only legal party. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/EtZnPoYbRyA.mp4/EtZnPoYbRyA.mp4 716 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/nazi-aggression-and-appeasement 2024-06-06T10:58:51.23680673Z Nazi aggression and appeasement Nazi Germany's 1930s aggression included rearming its military, occupying the Rhineland, unifying with Austria, and taking over Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, Bohemia, and Moravia. France and Great Britain's policy of appeasement allowed this aggression, leading to the Nazi invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the start of World War II. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/JEikyR7g1VDK7IEvLwECeECP_CmHRBLIEPGFEYTeB7QlgyfFMyQ986e9DeG2PTcvSMDqN4elZuT3LIXH4WPpMKWH Nazi aggression and appeasement Nazi Germany's 1930s aggression included rearming its military, occupying the Rhineland, unifying with Austria, and taking over Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, Bohemia, and Moravia. France and Great Britain's policy of appeasement allowed this aggression, leading to the Nazi invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the start of World War II. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/VTdV9JaHiIA.mp4/VTdV9JaHiIA.mp4 420 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/fascism-and-mussolini 2020-06-23T07:22:42Z Fascism and Mussolini The first fascist regime was established  by Benito Mussolini in Italy in 1925. The word fascism comes from "fasci ," an Italian term for "bundle of sticks" that was a symbol for strength in unity. Fascists believe in one-party, totalitarian control of a nation and its economy. Fascist regimes value nationalism and militarization and frequently build nationalist fervor around a concept of shared racial or ethnic superiority. Mussolini's Fascist regime of the 1920s inspired Adolf Hitler's regime in Germany. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/jd1GpYAnhbAbNBjJV70QvFr1WeuxiOy9aa2SBblon2DS4KQQ_VXvy1LA8yn69jnXNw58Op7bXI1O-i2FPWXFm-0 Fascism and Mussolini The first fascist regime was established  by Benito Mussolini in Italy in 1925. The word fascism comes from "fasci ," an Italian term for "bundle of sticks" that was a symbol for strength in unity. Fascists believe in one-party, totalitarian control of a nation and its economy. Fascist regimes value nationalism and militarization and frequently build nationalist fervor around a concept of shared racial or ethnic superiority. Mussolini's Fascist regime of the 1920s inspired Adolf Hitler's regime in Germany. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/AoRpWU6hHJ8.mp4/AoRpWU6hHJ8.mp4 515 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/mussolini-becomes-absolute-dictator-il-duce 2024-06-06T10:58:51.23680673Z Mussolini becomes absolute dictator (Il Duce) Mussolini became the absolute dictator of Italy in 1925 after the Aventine Secession, which was a boycott of Parliament by the socialist party. Mussolini banned the Italian Socialist party and embraced the Blackshirts. By the end of 1925, the Christmas Eve Law was passed, giving Mussolini complete control. In 1926, other parties were banned, and the fascists took absolute control of Italy Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/eQM5dYJXha3q8YDOAn_hUlElWR5taia7jNLhyVEvwNel9UxJpNNcsK-yOFRoQcutW6RYBDOlUDuA94NpnZgJWKEf Mussolini becomes absolute dictator (Il Duce) Mussolini became the absolute dictator of Italy in 1925 after the Aventine Secession, which was a boycott of Parliament by the socialist party. Mussolini banned the Italian Socialist party and embraced the Blackshirts. By the end of 1925, the Christmas Eve Law was passed, giving Mussolini complete control. In 1926, other parties were banned, and the fascists took absolute control of Italy https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/pT6tFia8eaY.mp4/pT6tFia8eaY.mp4 506 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/mussolini-aligns-with-hitler 2024-06-06T10:58:51.23680673Z Mussolini aligns with Hitler Mussolini became increasingly aggressive in his foreign policy in the 1930s. He invaded Ethiopia in 1935. In 1937, Italy joined the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany and Japan. In 1939, Mussolini invaded Albania and formed a military alliance with the Nazis called the Pact of Steel. Italy declared war on Britain and France in 1940, entering World War II. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/yetkv9h2JttNVjcXHDKzMbJuNi_xrhfku_FO3hyykvDL3nYd7KZIz4phV2bW7Cse2-5YfYAAkOeKZbCdQvHb-R4O Mussolini aligns with Hitler Mussolini became increasingly aggressive in his foreign policy in the 1930s. He invaded Ethiopia in 1935. In 1937, Italy joined the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany and Japan. In 1939, Mussolini invaded Albania and formed a military alliance with the Nazis called the Pact of Steel. Italy declared war on Britain and France in 1940, entering World War II. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/6uNYe9UB3K4.mp4/6uNYe9UB3K4.mp4 463 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/v/overview-of-chinese-history-1911-1949 2024-06-06T10:58:51.23680673Z Overview of Chinese history 1911 - 1949 China's history between 1911 and 1949 was marked by the end of imperial rule, the establishment of the Republic of China, the Warlord Era, the Chinese Civil War, and the Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang fought for power, with the Communist Party ultimately defeating the Kuomintang in 1949 and establishing the People's Republic of China. Sal Khan video https://cdn.kastatic.org/googleusercontent/CyU6BwFm4wRdId5bHjF_qKA2-tZli1asrubsiizBaIFj3ePYR0-9xLT1YidOVYLJC7nl-2gR6QMddatNugKcNxpSuA Overview of Chinese history 1911 - 1949 China's history between 1911 and 1949 was marked by the end of imperial rule, the establishment of the Republic of China, the Warlord Era, the Chinese Civil War, and the Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang fought for power, with the Communist Party ultimately defeating the Kuomintang in 1949 and establishing the People's Republic of China. https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-converted/a9QtIfPIQl4.mp4/a9QtIfPIQl4.mp4 667 Interwar Ideologies | 8.5 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/x66f79d8a:global-conflict/x66f79d8a:interwar-ideologies-8-5/e/8-5-practice 2026-05-07T20:10:46.752915086Z Interwar Ideologies Practice what you learned in lesson 8.5: Interwar Ideologies! Jessica Shattuck exercise