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Unit: Molecular and ionic compound structure and properties

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑3 (EU), SAP‑4 (EU)

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Types of chemical bonds

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑3 (EU), SAP‑3.A (LO), SAP‑3.A.1 (EK), SAP‑3.A.2 (EK), SAP‑3.A.3 (EK), SAP‑3.A.4 (EK), SAP‑3.A.5 (EK)
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Ionic bonds
(Opens a modal)
Covalent bonds
(Opens a modal)
Metallic bonds
(Opens a modal)
Predicting bond type (metals vs. nonmetals)
(Opens a modal)
Predicting bond type (electronegativity)
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Types of chemical bondsGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Intramolecular force and potential energy

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑3 (EU), SAP‑3.B (LO), SAP‑3.B.1 (EK), SAP‑3.B.2 (EK), SAP‑3.B.3 (EK)
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Bond length and bond energy
(Opens a modal)
Worked example: Interpreting potential energy curves of diatomic molecules
(Opens a modal)
Lattice energy
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Intramolecular force and potential energyGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Structure of ionic solids

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑3 (EU), SAP‑3.C (LO), SAP‑3.C.1 (EK)
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Representing ionic solids using particulate models
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Structure of ionic solidsGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Structure of metals and alloys

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑3 (EU), SAP‑3.D (LO), SAP‑3.D.1 (EK), SAP‑3.D.2 (EK), SAP‑3.D.3 (EK)
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Representing alloys using particulate models
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Structure of metals and alloysGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Quiz 1

Level up on the above skills and collect up to 400 Mastery points

Lewis diagrams

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑4 (EU), SAP‑4.A (LO), SAP‑4.A.1 (EK)
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Drawing Lewis diagrams
(Opens a modal)
Worked example: Lewis diagram of formaldehyde (CH₂O)
(Opens a modal)
Worked example: Lewis diagram of the cyanide ion (CN⁻)
(Opens a modal)
Exceptions to the octet rule
(Opens a modal)
Worked example: Lewis diagram of xenon difluoride (XeF₂)
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Lewis diagramsGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Resonance and formal charge

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑4 (EU), SAP‑4.B (LO), SAP‑4.B.1 (EK), SAP‑4.B.2 (EK)
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Resonance
(Opens a modal)
Formal charge
(Opens a modal)
Worked example: Using formal charges to evaluate nonequivalent resonance structures
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Resonance and formal chargeGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

VSEPR

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑4 (EU), SAP‑4.C (LO), SAP‑4.C.1 (EK), SAP‑4.C.2 (EK)
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VSEPR for 2 electron clouds
(Opens a modal)
VSEPR for 3 electron clouds
(Opens a modal)
VSEPR for 4 electron clouds
(Opens a modal)
VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (part 1)
(Opens a modal)
VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (part 2)
(Opens a modal)
VSEPR for 6 electron clouds
(Opens a modal)
Molecular polarity
(Opens a modal)
Practice
VSEPRGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Bond hybridization

AP Chem: SAP (BI), SAP‑4 (EU), SAP‑4.C (LO), SAP‑4.C.3 (EK), SAP‑4.C.4 (EK)
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sp³ hybridization
(Opens a modal)
Steric number
(Opens a modal)
sp² hybridization
(Opens a modal)
sp hybridization
(Opens a modal)
Worked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic molecules
(Opens a modal)
Practice
Bond hybridizationGet 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Quiz 2

Level up on the above skills and collect up to 400 Mastery points
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Unit test

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About this unit

This unit examines how atomic structure relates to the macroscopic properties of substances. Learn about chemical bonding, the structures of metals and alloys, Lewis diagrams, resonance and formal charge, VSEPR, and more. Practice what you’ve learned and study for the AP Chemistry exam with more than 85 AP-aligned questions.
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