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Box plot review

What is a box and whisker plot?

A box and whisker plot—also called a box plot—displays the five-number summary of a set of data. The five-number summary is the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.
In a box plot, we draw a box from the first quartile to the third quartile. A vertical line goes through the box at the median. The whiskers go from each quartile to the minimum or maximum.
A box and whisker plot with the left end of the whisker labeled min, the right end of the whisker is labeled max. The beginning of the box is labeled Q 1. The end of the box is labeled Q 3. The line that divides the box is labeled median.

Example: Finding the five-number summary

A sample of 10 boxes of raisins has these weights (in grams):
25, 28, 29, 29, 30, 34, 35, 35, 37, 38
Make a box plot of the data.
Step 1: Order the data from smallest to largest.
Our data is already in order.
25, 28, 29, 29, 30, 34, 35, 35, 37, 38
Step 2: Find the median.
The median is the mean of the middle two numbers:
25, 28, 29, 29, 30, 34, 35, 35, 37, 38
30+342=32
The median is 32.
Step 3: Find the quartiles.
The first quartile is the median of the data points to the left of the median.
25, 28, 29, 29, 30
Q1=29
The third quartile is the median of the data points to the right of the median.
34, 35, 35, 37, 38
Q3=35
Step 4: Complete the five-number summary by finding the min and the max.
The min is the smallest data point, which is 25.
The max is the largest data point, which is 38.
The five-number summary is 25, 29, 32, 35, 38.

Example (continued): Making a box plot

Let's make a box plot for the same dataset from above.
Step 1: Scale and label an axis that fits the five-number summary.
A number line labeled weight in grams. It is numbered from 25 to 40.
Step 2: Draw a box from Q1 to Q3 with a vertical line through the median.
Recall that Q1=29, the median is 32, and Q3=35.
The box of a box and whisker plot without the whiskers. The beginning of the box is labeled Q 1 at 29. The end of the box is labeled Q 3 at 35. The vertical line that divides the box is labeled median at 32.
Step 3: Draw a whisker from Q1 to the min and from Q3 to the max.
Recall that the min is 25 and the max is 38.
A box and whisker plot. The beginning of the box is labeled Q 1 at 29. The end of the box is labeled Q 3 at 35. The vertical line that divides the box is labeled median at 32. The left part of the whisker is labeled min at 25. The right part of the whisker is labeled max 38.
We don't need the labels on the final product:
A box and whisker plot. The beginning of the box is at 29. The end of the box is at 35. The vertical line that divides the box is at 32. The left part of the whisker is at 25. The right part of the whisker is at 38.
Want to learn more about making box and whisker plots? Check out this video.
Want to practice making box plots? Check out this exercise.

Interpreting quartiles

The five-number summary divides the data into sections that each contain approximately 25% of the data in that set.
A box and whisker plot with the left end of the whisker labeled min, the right end of the whisker is labeled max. The beginning of the box is labeled Q 1. The end of the box is labeled Q 3. The line that divides the box is labeled median. The distance from the min to the Q 1 is twenty five percent. The distance from the Q 1 to the Q 2 is twenty five percent. The distance from the Q 2 to the Q 3 is twenty five percent. The distance from the Q 3 is Max is twenty five percent.

Example: Interpreting quartiles

About what percent of the boxes of raisins weighed more than 29 grams?
A box and whisker plot. The beginning of the box is at 29. The end of the box is at 35. The vertical line that divides the box is at 32. The left part of the whisker is at 25. The right part of the whisker is at 38.
Since Q1=29, about 25% of data is lower than 29 and about 75% is above is 29.
A box and whisker plot. The beginning of the box is labeled Q 1 at 29. The end of the box is at 35. The vertical line that divides the box is at 32. The left part of the whisker is at 25. The right part of the whisker is at 38. The distance from the Q 1 to the dividing vertical line is twenty five percent. The distance from the vertical line to the end of the box is twenty five percent. The distance from the Q 3 is Max is twenty five percent.
About 75% of the boxes of raisins weighed more than 29 grams.
Want to learn more about interpreting quartiles? Check out this video.
Want to practice more problems like this? Check out this exercise.

Want to join the conversation?

  • female robot amelia style avatar for user saul312
    How do you find the MAD
    (24 votes)
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  • marcimus red style avatar for user Nick
    how do you find the median,mode,mean,and range please help me on this somebody i'm doom if i don't get this
    (11 votes)
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    • duskpin ultimate style avatar for user Maya B
      The median is the middle number in the data set.
      The mode is the number that shows up the most in the data set.
      The mean is the average number of the data set (to find it, you have to add up all of the numbers (sum) and then divide it by how many numbers there are).
      The range is the number when you subtract the highest number and the lowest number.
      Ex. The highest number in the data set is 10. The lowest number in the data set is 5. To find the range, you would do 10-5, so the range of the data set is 5.
      (21 votes)
  • blobby green style avatar for user hon
    How do you find the mean from the box-plot itself?
    (12 votes)
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    • duskpin ultimate style avatar for user Maya B
      You cannot find the mean from the box plot itself. The information that you get from the box plot is the five number summary, which is the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.
      (15 votes)
  • aqualine seed style avatar for user Jiye
    If the median is a number from the actual dataset then do you include that number when looking for Q1 and Q3 or do you exclude it and then find the median of the left and right numbers in the set?
    (4 votes)
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    • aqualine ultimate style avatar for user Jem O'Toole
      If the median is a number from the data set, it gets excluded when you calculate the Q1 and Q3. If the median is not a number from the data set and is instead the average of the two middle numbers, the lower middle number is used for the Q1 and the upper middle number is used for the Q3. :)
      (9 votes)
  • marcimus red style avatar for user Khoa Doan
    How should I draw the box plot? Is there a certain way to draw it?
    (3 votes)
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  • blobby green style avatar for user Yanelie12
    How do you fund the mean for numbers with a %.
    (5 votes)
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  • cacteye blue style avatar for user Ozzie
    Hey, I had a question. So, when you have the box plot but didn't sort out the data, how do you set up the proportion to find the percentage (not percentile). For example, take this question: "What percent of the students in class 2 scored between a 65 and an 85?"
    (2 votes)
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    • mr pants orange style avatar for user OJBear
      Ok so I'll try to explain it without a diagram

      The space between the lowest value and quartile 1 is 25% or 1/4. Quartile 1 to the median is another 25% making it 50% so far. The median to the 3rd quartile is another 25% and the 3rd quartile to the highest value if obviously 25% more. So that's 100%.

      If 65 is the lowest value and 85 is between the lowest value and quartile 1, then 25% of the students in class scored between 65 and 85. If 65 and 85 go through the lowest value to quartile 1 and to the median then that would be 50%.

      I hope this helps? I would need the diagram to explain it better though. I think the Interpreting Quartiles section of the article will explain it better with the visual.

      Note: If you ever come across a question with the mean of a box plot, just say there is none. It's impossible to calculate the mean since we don't have all the data; only parts of it. You can estimate the mean, but not calculate it exactly.

      Again, hopes this helps :-)
      (2 votes)
  • blobby green style avatar for user Yanni RoseC
    How do you find the best estimate for the mean at least?
    (2 votes)
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  • blobby green style avatar for user raghadg3
    Box-and-whisker plot.Short description, Box-and-whisker plot.,Long description,
    A box-and-whisker plot is entitled Ages of the First 21 Shoppers to Walk into a Department Store. The number line goes from 0 to 60 in increments of 5.

    The whiskers go from 2 to 53. The box goes from 11.5 to 38.5, with a line at 19.


    Question
    What is the median age shown on the box-and-whisker plot?
    (2 votes)
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  • aqualine tree style avatar for user LydiaD
    how do you get the quartiles
    (2 votes)
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    • leafers sapling style avatar for user green_ninja
      Let's say you have this set of numbers:
      1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 18, 21

      The median for this set of numbers is 8. To find the quartiles (Q1 and Q3) take the sets to the left and right of 8, which are as follows: [1, 2, 6] and [12, 18, 21] and find their medians.

      Q1 = 2
      Q3 = 18

      In the case where a set has an even amount of numbers, like this one:
      1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 18

      Split the set in half to find the quartiles: [1, 2, 6] and [8, 12, 18].

      Q1 = 2
      Q3 = 12

      Hope this cleared things up!😄
      (1 vote)