Factoring using polynomial division: missing term

- [Instructor] We're told the polynomial p of x, which is equal to this, has a known factor of x plus six. Rewrite p of x as a product of linear factors. Pause this video, and see if you can have a go at that. All right, now let's work on this together. Because they give us one of the factors, what we can do is say hey, what happens if I divide x plus six into p of x? What do I have left over? It looks like I'm still going to have a quadratic, and then I'll probably have to factor that somehow to get a product of linear factors. So let's get going. So if I were to try to figure out what x plus six divided into, x to the third plus nine x squared, and now we're gonna have to be careful. You might be tempted to just write minus 108 there, but then this gets tricky because you have your third degree column, your second degree column. You need your first degree column, but you just put your zero degree, your constant column here. So to make sure we have good hygiene, we could write plus zero x, and I encourage you to actually always do this if you're writing out a polynomial so that you don't skip that place, so to speak, minus 108. And so then you say, all right, let's look at the highest degree terms. X goes into x to the third x squared times. X squared times six is six x squared. X squared times x is x to the third. We want to subtract. We've done this multiple times, so I'm going a little bit faster than normal. Those cancel out. Nine x squared minus six x squared is three x squared. Bring down that zero x. And then how many times does x go into three x squared? Well, it goes three x times, and we would write it in this column. And notice, if we didn't keep this column for our first degree terms, we'd be kind of confused where to write that three x right about now. And so three x plus, times six, I should say, is 18 x. Three x times x is three x squared. We want to subtract what we have in that, I guess that color is mauve, light purple, not sure. And so we get three x squareds cancel out, and then zero x minus 18 x is negative 18 x. Bring down that negative 108. And so then we have x goes into negative 18 x negative 18 times. Negative 18 times six is negative 108. That's working out nicely. Negative 18 times x is negative 18 x. And then we want to subtract what we have in this not-so-pleasant brown color, and so I will multiply them both by a negative. And so I am left with zero. Everything just cancels out. And so I can rewrite p of x. I can rewrite p of x as being equal to x plus six times x squared plus three x minus 18. But I'm not done yet because this is not a linear factor. This is still quadratic. So let's see, can I think of two numbers that add up to three and that when I multiply I get negative 18? So I'll need different signs, and then the obvious one is positive six and negative three. And if that, what I just did, seems like voodoo to you, I encourage you to review factoring polynomials. But this I can rewrite 'cause negative six plus, or actually I should say positive six plus negative three is equal to three, and then positive six times negative three is equal to negative 18. So I can rewrite this as x plus six times x plus six times x minus three. And so there we have it. We have a product of linear factors. And we are done.