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4th grade (2018 edition)
Course: 4th grade (2018 edition) > Unit 7
Lesson 2: Prime and composite numbersPrime and composite numbers intro
Learn about prime and composite numbers and practice identifying them.
Let's review factors
Factors are whole numbers that can be divided evenly into another number.
1, comma, 3, comma, 5, comma and 15 are factors of 15 because they can all be divided into 15 without a remainder.
15, divided by, 1, equals, 15
15, divided by, 3, equals, 5
15, divided by, 5, equals, 3
15, divided by, 15, equals, 1
15, divided by, 3, equals, 5
15, divided by, 5, equals, 3
15, divided by, 15, equals, 1
15 has four factors: 1, comma, 3, comma, 5, and 15.
All numbers have start color #1fab54, 1, end color #1fab54 and start color #7854ab, start text, t, h, e, m, s, e, l, v, e, s, end text, end color #7854ab as factors.
3, divided by, start color #1fab54, 1, end color #1fab54, equals, 3
3, divided by, start color #7854ab, 3, end color #7854ab, equals, 1
3, divided by, start color #7854ab, 3, end color #7854ab, equals, 1
Categories of numbers
We can divide almost all numbers into two categories: prime numbers and composite numbers.
Prime numbers
Prime numbers are numbers with exactly 2 factors.
A prime number's only factors are start color #1fab54, 1, end color #1fab54 and the number start color #7854ab, start text, i, t, s, e, l, f, end text, end color #7854ab.
7 is an example of a prime number. Its only factors are start color #1fab54, 1, end color #1fab54 and start color #7854ab, 7, end color #7854ab. It is not evenly divisible by any other whole numbers.
Let's use pictures to visualize prime numbers.
Farmer Maxwell is making a chicken coop for his best egg laying hens. He has 7 hens and is thinking about how he can arrange them. He wants to arrange the hens in equal sized groups.
The only possibility is to make 1 row of 7 hens.
Any other arrangements would not have the same number of hens in each row.
When there is only one possible way to divide a number into equal sized groups, that number is prime.
Composite numbers
Composite numbers have more than 2 factors.
16 is an example of a composite number. The factors of 16 are 1, comma, 2, comma, 4, comma, 8 and 16, point All of these numbers divide into 16 evenly.
Let's use pictures to visualize composite numbers.
Farmer Maxwell is also inventing a new egg carton where he will store the eggs his hens lay. He wants each carton to hold 16 eggs.
He could have 1 row of 16 eggs.
He could also have 2 rows with 8 eggs in each row.
Or he could have 4 rows with 4 eggs in each row.
Composite numbers have more than one way that they can be divided into equal groups.
The number 1
1 does not fit into either category. It is neither prime nor composite.
Practice with prime and composite numbers
Prime number and composite number challenge
Use the clues given to solve the problems below.
Want to join the conversation?
Is 0 an even number or an odd(36 votes)
Zero is an even number. In other words, its parity—the quality of an integer being even or odd—is even. ... Not only is 0 divisible by 2, it is divisible by every power of 2, which is relevant to the binary numeral system used by computers. In this sense, 0 is the "most even" number of all.(20 votes)
Why is one not prime nor composite? What is it called?(13 votes)
1 is not composite because 1 does not have more than 2 factors, and all composite numbers have more than 2 factors.
1 is not prime because prime numbers are divisible by 1 and the number itself. 1 only contains itself and no other number. 1 belongs to its own unique category named "units."(21 votes)
- is 0 prime or composite? because it said nothing about 0.(11 votes)
it is neither because.., 0 isn't a natural number(13 votes)
Is every even number a composite number because every even number has a factor of 2 except for 0 and 2.(7 votes)
Yes, all even numbers except 2 and zero are composite numbers.
Zero is neither prime nor composite.(21 votes)
This might sound weird. I get the topic but i don't fully understand it. Can someone explain the topic a but more simple?(3 votes)- A Prime number is a whole number greater than 1 with only two factors – itself and 1, like 2 x 1 = 2 that means 2 is a prime number, because 2 and 1 are the only factors that can make 2. But a Composite number is different, because the number has more factors than only 1 and itself. So when a number like 4 comes along, and the factors are 1, 2, and 4, which means it's a Composite number. Does that help or do I need to explain it a little more?(17 votes)
i dont understand the last one(8 votes)- Well, five itself is a prime number, but anything else with 5 in ones place is a composite number.(3 votes)
- But isn't 1 kind of like prime?(5 votes)
- A prime number has exactly 2 factors: itself and 1.
The number 1 has only one factor, itself. So it doesn't satisfy the definition of being a prime number.
Hope this helps.(9 votes)
- Can all prime numbers be odd?(5 votes)
2 is the only even prime number because every other even number is divisible by 2. All other prime numbers are odd.(9 votes)
- yep umm I still a little confused by a composite.... can anyone explain?(5 votes)
- Prime numbers have exactly 2 factors: the number itself and 1, Examples of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, etc.
Composite numbers have more than 2 factors. Examples of composite numbers:
4, its factors are 1, 2, and 4
6, its factors are 1, 2, 3, and 6
8, its factors are 1, 2, 4, and 8
Hope this helps.(10 votes)
