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Algebra 2
Course: Algebra 2 > Unit 3
Lesson 2: Greatest common factorGreatest common factor of monomials
Learn how to find the GCF (greatest common factor) of two monomials or more.
What you should be familiar with before this lesson
A monomial is an expression that is the product of constants and nonnegative integer powers of , like . A polynomial is a sum of monomials.
You can write the complete factorization of a monomial by writing the prime factorization of the coefficient and expanding the variable part. Check out our Factoring monomials article if this is new to you.
What you will learn in this lesson
In this lesson, you will learn about the greatest common factor (GCF) and how to find this for monomials.
Review: Greatest common factors in integers
The greatest common factor of two numbers is the greatest integer that is a factor of both numbers. For example, the GCF of and is .
We can find the GCF for any two numbers by examining their prime factorizations:
Notice that and have a factor of and a factor of in common, and so the greatest common factor of and is .
Greatest common factors in monomials
The process is similar when you are asked to find the greatest common factor of two or more monomials.
Simply write the complete factorization of each monomial and find the common factors. The product of all the common factors will be the GCF.
For example, let's find the greatest common factor of and :
Notice that and have one factor of and one factor of in common. Therefore, their greatest common factor is or .
Check your understanding
A note on the variable part of the GCF
In general, the variable part of the GCF for any two or more monomials will be equal to the variable part of the monomial with the lowest power of .
For example, consider the monomials and :
- Since the lowest power of
is , that will be the variable part of the GCF. - You could then find the GCF of
and , which is , and multiply this by to obtain , the GCF of the monomials!
This is especially helpful to understand when finding the GCF of monomials with very large powers of . For example, it would be very tedious to completely factor monomials like and !
Challenge Problems
What's next?
To see how we can use these skills to factor polynomials, check out our next article on factoring out the greatest common factor!
Want to join the conversation?
- I keep mixing up GCF and LCM, anyone has a good way to memorize the difference?(42 votes)
- try the ladder method. It is very helpful to me.(5 votes)
- What is the difference between binomials and monomials.(19 votes)
- A binomial has 2 terms (2 items being added or subtracted).
Examples: 3x^3y + 6xy; 7 - 5y
A monomial has 1 term.
Examples of monomials: 4; 5ab^2; 7x/8
Hope this helps.(22 votes)
- I still don't understand the difference between monomials and polynomials. When you add 3x+3x it's 6x. That's not a polynomial. That's a monomial!(4 votes)
- I'm not exactly sure what your asking but I know this much:
A monomial is a one term polynomial.
A bionomial is a two term polynomial.
A trinomial is a three term polynomial.(13 votes)
- Why is it so hard to understand GCF when its used in a lot of ways(7 votes)
- IIt is hard to learn at first, because you are not used to looking at two different numbers and instead of t usual math operations, such as adding subtracting, your breaking them down. into smaller numbers and finding out what they have in common.(AKA greatest common factor)(6 votes)
- Why do we have to show 3 factors multiplied together, for example, one of the example questions I got wrong was because I showed the factors of 12 by 6 by 2, but the correct way of factoring the 12 is by 2 by 2 by 3. Why?(5 votes)
- You need to keep factoring until you get the prime factors of the numbers, so you can easily find the gcf of various numbers.(6 votes)
- what is the gcf 4(12)+4(8)(4 votes)
- Multiply: 48 + 32
Now find the GCF.
Or, factors the numbers down to prime factors and find all the common factors.
The GCF = 16(6 votes)
- What is the difference between binomials and monomials(3 votes)
- A monomial is a polynomial with one term (such as x or 3 or y^2). A binomial is a polynomial with two terms (such as 3x + 2 or x^2 + 3x). A trinomial is next with 3 terms (x^2+4x+5).(8 votes)
- When factoring, are you able to have more than two terms? for example 24x3, you could write that as 12x x 2x2 but you could also write it as 3x x 4x x 2x. Does it still work in that case?(4 votes)
- Notice that in your examples you can still go further:
12 x 2 becomes 6x2 x 2, which in turn becomes:
3x2 x 2 x 2
Which is the stopping point, because every number is prime. Prime numbers can't be factored out further since they aren't divisible by anything other than 1 and themselves.
As for your second example:
3 x 4 x 2 => 4 is not a prime, we can factor it out further:
3 x 2x2 x 2
As you can see, we arrived at the same expression. Hope that helps!(4 votes)
- When factoring the coefficient, do you use the prime factorization or the GCF of those two numbers?(4 votes)
- You want to find the GCF. You can use prime factorization of each monomial to help you find the GCF.
Hope this helps.(3 votes)
- Is there a trick to finding GCF of large number such as 625? It takes me forever to do these big numbers.(4 votes)
- When you see large numbers like those, it comes in handy to know basic tricks to figure out if that number has small factors, such as 4, 9, and ll. In the case of 625, you can already tell that it is a multiple of 5, so divide it by 5, and you get 125. 125 is also divisible by 5, so divide by 5 again. You get 25, which is also divisible by 5. Then you get 5, which cannot be broken down further. You got four 5's during that search. Now, you just need another number. Say we have 45. 45 factors into a 3, 3, and a 5. We can tell that both of these numbers have a 5, so 5 is the GCF of 625 and 45.
Just note that in order to find the GCF and/or LCM, you need two integers at the very least.
Hope this helps.
Jonathan Myung(2 votes)