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Course: The Seeing America Project > Unit 3
Lesson 2: 1700-1870- The triangle trade and the colonial table, sugar, tea, and slavery
- Celebrating American enterprise: William Sidney Mount, Bargaining for a Horse
- Dreaming big, Thomas Cole paints 4,500 years of architectural history in The Architect's Dream
- Inventing America, Colt's Experimental Pocket Pistol
- Heroes of modern surgery: Eakins' Dr. Gross and Dr. Agnew
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Inventing America, Colt's Experimental Pocket Pistol
Samuel Colt, a young sailor turned industrialist, revolutionized gun manufacturing with his vision of a multi-chamber revolver. His innovative assembly line and precise machining, developed with Elijah Root, sped up the Industrial Revolution. Colt's marketing strategies and products significantly influenced 19th-century events, despite their controversial use. Created by Beth Harris and Steven Zucker.
Video transcript
(lively jazzy piano music) - [Steven] We're in collections storage in the Wadsworth Atheneum, looking at a little object
made of brass and steel. It's a gun, but it was never fired. - [Brandy] It's actually a prototype. It was designed by Elijah
Root for Colt Manufacturing here in Hartford, Connecticut. - [Steven] Colt was an
incredibly important industry in this area. By the time Colt died, he was
one of the wealthiest people in the country and perhaps in the world, a result of the manufacturing process that this gun represents. - [Brandy] Samuel Colt, at the age of 16, his life dream as a child was
to be a merchant, a sailor. And he gets on a boat, spends 10 months to the
hot climes of India, and realizes that he'd much
rather be an industrialist. And he has this vision. And the vision is for the revolver. So at that point in time,
you have single-shot firing. - [Steven] And what Colt realizes is that one of the mechanisms on the ship that helped sailors tighten ropes, a kind of horizontal
wheel that sailors pulled and clicked into place so
that it wouldn't reverse, that mechanism might help him
develop a multi-chamber gun. - [Brandy] And so he comes
home, and from that point on, this is his life ambition. He even goes so far as to
become a traveling salesman, called Dr. Colt, who would administer laughing gas for funds. And it's this money that he uses to develop his first prototypes. And he's actually hiring
traditional gunmakers to create these prototypes at a high cost. - [Steven] They were still hand-crafted. But this is the Industrial Revolution. Britain had made tremendous
advances in harnessing the power of steam. And manufacturing processes were becoming ever more efficient. - [Brandy] And thanks to Colt
and his team of engineers, including Root, we outpace England in the Industrial Revolution, and it becomes the American
system that they then adopt. - [Steven] In American mythology, we think of the assembly line
as belonging to Henry Ford and his manufacture of the Model T. But in fact, it's Colt
that does this first. - [Brandy] It's eight
decades before Henry Ford, that Colt envisions this
interchangeable part assembly line. Now you can take any
guy off of the street. You can train him in a very
specific task to perfection. And it's a whole system of
workers that come together. - [Steven] So the putting
together of those pieces was possible only if the pieces
were made precisely enough. That is the forging and
machining of these pieces had to be accurate enough so
that any number of barrels could fit with the other
parts, for example. - [Brandy] While Colt is
this brilliant engineer, it's Root who develops the
infrastructure of the factory and the tooling and the machinery needed to make this happen. And meanwhile, Samuel Colt
is focusing on marketing. And he's using some pretty
inventive strategies we would recognize today. - [Steven] For example,
early on in Colt's career, when he wanted to sell some
of his newly produced guns, he went to the front lines. So the military had passed on an order. And so he went directly to
the men doing the fighting and offered his guns. And he's not just selling
to a domestic market. He's selling to Britain. And through Britain, his guns
are reaching as far as India. - [Brandy] He travels with
some pretty prestigious people, including Samuel F.B. Morse,
who had invented the telegraph. And they actually worked
together as Colt explored underwater explosive technologies. - [Steven] And the result of
the work that Root and Colt both did changed American history. His guns played a huge
role in the Civil War. And in the post-war years,
his revolvers were credited with winning the West. - [Brandy] If you think about
some of the most significant happenings in the 19th
century, the gun is there, from the Gold Rush to
the Mexican-American War, even the Seminole War. - [Steven] It's important, I think, not to romanticize these guns. Colt, when he went
directly to the military to sell his guns, sold them
for the express purpose of helping to eradicate
Native Americans, for example, during the Second Seminole War. - [Brandy] Colt is a very
complicated American figure at a complicated time in our history. (upbeat jazzy piano music)