What is passive and active voice?

ACTIVE: Jimmy ate the pizza. PASSIVE: The pizza was eaten by Jimmy.

why is paige leaving she's the best?

Please understand. When Paige helped David make these videos (in 2016) she was an undergraduate student at the University of California learning the video production skills that David was using. She had not yet finished university. When the summer of 2016 drew to an end, she went back to Berkeley and finished her degree. She's been gone for more than 3 years. Look her up on the googles. That's how I found her a couple years ago.

Oh no, Paige is leaving?!

Paige left the curriculum in September of 2016, when she finished her Khan Academy internship. She returned to the University of California, where she was a young student. We wish her well.

They should have these team-ups (like Rosie, Paige, and David) on other videos like Math or Physics or whatever else. I like these videos.

Try the Art History course. There are a LOT of team-up videos. Dr. Harris and Dr. Zucker have a very good time over there.

at 2:09, what is an infinitive verb?

An infinitive verb is a verb that is usually preceded by "to." If you wanted to write the infinitive form of the verb "be," you would write "to be," where "to" is part of the verb. Examples: _To be_ _To think_ _To dance_ _To run_ _To err_ [Often times you will see the infinitive form noted in a dictionary definition of a verb.] `To err is human.` It is important to realize: a) That the "to" in the infinitive form of a verb is part of the verb b) "To" in a sentence is not always part of a verb; it may be a preposition. Example: `She went from kissing him to slapping him in no time.` In this case, the "to" is a preposition (there is no infinitive verb). You can tell that this is not an infinitive verb because of the gerund (the '-ing' ending). You can look at more examples and study further using the following links and elsewhere: https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/verbs/infinitive-verb.html https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/infinitive_form.htm

Paige was 19 years old back in 2016 when these videos were made. After the summer she spent at Khan Academy, she returned to the University of California, from which she graduated in 2018, then went on to other adventures. We get to hear her 19-year-old self even now that she's 26. Wasn't she cute back then?

I just finished the Grammar course. I'd like to know if there is more to grammar than what they teach. I thought there were other things such as: Appositive phrases, Infinitive phrases, Delayed and Opening Adverbs, etc.

Yes, there is more grammar than was introduced here, but for the purpose of this course, which is NOT comprehensive, what was presented here suffices. Should you want to find courses that lead you more deeply into the subject of grammar, you'll have to find a different course. I suggest you ask Uncle Google about "free online English grammar courses". Uncle Google knows where to find almost anything!

Main content

Course: Grammar > Unit 9

Lesson 3: Dangling modifiers and parallel structure

Parallel structure

Name: Parallel structure
Uploaded: 2016-08-23T18:57:05Z
Description: Parallel structure maintains a pattern across a sentence: it isn't a grammar choice so much as it is a matter of rhythm or style. This is a very special episode because it’s Paige’s last video with us as a KA intern! We will miss having Paige as a contributor to the Grammar Team.

Google Classroom

Parallel structure maintains a pattern across a sentence: it isn't a grammar choice so much as it is a matter of rhythm or style. This is a very special episode because it’s Paige’s last video with us as a KA intern! We will miss having Paige as a contributor to the Grammar Team.

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casalina
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to casalina's post “What is passive and activ...”
What is passive and active voice?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on casalina's post “What is passive and activ...”
(33 votes)
Answer
- Faith
  Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Faith's post “ACTIVE: Jimmy ate the piz...”
  ACTIVE: Jimmy ate the pizza.
  PASSIVE: The pizza was eaten by Jimmy.
  Comment on Faith's post “ACTIVE: Jimmy ate the piz...”
  (68 votes)
student.164059
Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to student.164059's post “why is paige leaving she'...”
why is paige leaving she's the best?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on student.164059's post “why is paige leaving she'...”
(32 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Please understand. When P...”
  Please understand. When Paige helped David make these videos (in 2016) she was an undergraduate student at the University of California learning the video production skills that David was using. She had not yet finished university. When the summer of 2016 drew to an end, she went back to Berkeley and finished her degree. She's been gone for more than 3 years. Look her up on the googles. That's how I found her a couple years ago.
  Comment on David Alexander's post “Please understand. When P...”
  (31 votes)
Ravengal101
Posted 8 years ago. Direct link to Ravengal101's post “```She was always the fir...”
She was always the first to volunteer, the loud supporter screaming “YOU GOT THIS!”, and the advocate who ensured others’ perspectives were heard and respected.

Is this structure appropriate? Can it be better phrased somehow?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on Ravengal101's post “```She was always the fir...”
(19 votes)
Answer
Quin
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Quin's post “Oh no, Paige is leaving?!”
Oh no, Paige is leaving?!
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(14 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Paige left the curriculum...”
  Paige left the curriculum in September of 2016, when she finished her Khan Academy internship. She returned to the University of California, where she was a young student. We wish her well.
  Comment on David Alexander's post “Paige left the curriculum...”
  (25 votes)
Prodigy ITM
Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Prodigy ITM's post “They should have these te...”
They should have these team-ups (like Rosie, Paige, and David) on other videos like Math or Physics or whatever else. I like these videos.
Button navigates to signup pageComment on Prodigy ITM's post “They should have these te...”
(11 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Try the Art History cours...”
  Try the Art History course. There are a LOT of team-up videos.
  Dr. Harris and Dr. Zucker have a very good time over there.
  Comment on David Alexander's post “Try the Art History cours...”
  (10 votes)
madison kephart
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to madison kephart's post “at 2:09, what is an infin...”
at
2:09
, what is an infinitive verb?
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(9 votes)
Answer
- Cyrus Parson
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Cyrus Parson's post “An infinitive verb is a v...”
  An infinitive verb is a verb that is usually preceded by "to."
  
  If you wanted to write the infinitive form of the verb "be," you would write "to be," where "to" is part of the verb.
  
  Examples:
  To be
  To think
  To dance
  To run
  To err
  
  [Often times you will see the infinitive form noted in a dictionary definition of a verb.]
  
  To err is human.
  
  It is important to realize:
  a) That the "to" in the infinitive form of a verb is part of the verb
  b) "To" in a sentence is not always part of a verb; it may be a preposition. Example:
  
  She went from kissing him to slapping him in no time.
  
  In this case, the "to" is a preposition (there is no infinitive verb). You can tell that this is not an infinitive verb because of the gerund (the '-ing' ending).
  
  You can look at more examples and study further using the following links and elsewhere:
  https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/verbs/infinitive-verb.html
  https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/infinitive_form.htm
  Comment on Cyrus Parson's post “An infinitive verb is a v...”
  (14 votes)
Rhea S
Posted 8 months ago. Direct link to Rhea S's post “did Paige stop?”
did Paige stop?
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(8 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 8 months ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Paige was 19 years old ba...”
  Paige was 19 years old back in 2016 when these videos were made. After the summer she spent at Khan Academy, she returned to the University of California, from which she graduated in 2018, then went on to other adventures. We get to hear her 19-year-old self even now that she's 26. Wasn't she cute back then?
  Comment on David Alexander's post “Paige was 19 years old ba...”
  (12 votes)
gduncan281
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to gduncan281's post “Paige why! it was out of ...”
Paige why! it was out of nowhere!
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(11 votes)
Answer
Nick Winters
Posted 3 months ago. Direct link to Nick Winters's post “Is anyone here from 2024?”
Is anyone here from 2024?
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(9 votes)
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Ocean Affonso
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Ocean Affonso's post “I just finished the Gramm...”
I just finished the Grammar course. I'd like to know if there is more to grammar than what they teach. I thought there were other things such as: Appositive phrases, Infinitive phrases, Delayed and Opening Adverbs, etc.
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(4 votes)
Answer
- David Alexander
  Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to David Alexander's post “Yes, there is more gramma...”
  Yes, there is more grammar than was introduced here, but for the purpose of this course, which is NOT comprehensive, what was presented here suffices.
  Should you want to find courses that lead you more deeply into the subject of grammar, you'll have to find a different course. I suggest you ask Uncle Google about "free online English grammar courses". Uncle Google knows where to find almost anything!
  Button navigates to signup page
  (8 votes)

Video transcript

- [Voiceover] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Rosie. Hello, Paige. - [Voiceover] Hi, David. - [Voiceover] Hi, David. - [Voiceover] Today, all three of us are gonna be talking about parallel structure. And I've always had trouble spelling the word parallel, but Rosie pointed out something just before we started recording that is blowing my mind. Rosie, how do you spell parallel? - [Voiceover] Well, it's fun because the two ls that are together in the word are together in the middle of the word. - [Voiceover] Look at that, they're parallel! That's all. - [Voiceover] It's fun. - [Voiceover] That's just, that's amazing. Parallel structure is less a consideration of grammar, it's really more about style, right. Parallel structure basically means that when you're making some kind of list in a sentence, if you're using a series of verbs or if you're using a series of nouns, any series of words, they should all roughly line up with one another. So let's say I was an outdoorsman and I said, "I love fishing, skiing and rock climbing." Now each one of these is a gerund, right, it the ing form of a verb we're using as a noun. And this sentence exhibits parallel structure, but, you know, sometimes you'll see a sentence that'll mess that up, right? So let's say you were editing someone's personal statement, an athlete's personal statement and they said, "I love fishing, skiing, and to climb rocks." Now, there's nothing grammatically incorrect about this sentence, it makes sense, it is legal in the way that it is composed, but stylistically, it just doesn't harmonize. So this is not parallel, but this is. - [Voiceover] Some other things to look out for to make sure you're making a sentence parallel is if everything is active voice or passive voice, infinitive verbs versus other forms of verbs, like to eat versus eating, and a string of individual modifiers like adjectives versus larger phrases. - [Voiceover] Let's put that into action. Okay, so active versus passive voice. - [Voiceover] So an example if we're not gonna have parallel structure would be something like the cake was baked, frosted, and I put sprinkles on it. - [Voiceover] So what we're saying here is that here is a passive thing that happened to the cake, the cake was baked. Here's another passive thing that happens to the cake, the cake was frosted by someone else. And then that someone else comes in and Paige says, "I put sprinkles on it." But, if we're going to assume that sprinkled is now a verb that means to be covered in sugary cake decorations, we would say the cake was baked, frosted, and sprinkled, or decorated with sprinkles, but I kind of like sprinkled. So that's active versus passive. We've already covered infinitive versus other verb forms, so that's, you know, skiing, well, that's to ski versus skiing, so this is what we call an infinitive form, and this is another form that's called a gerund. So make sure to keep those separate in your lists. And then lists of individual terms versus longer phrases. So if you are describing something with a string of adjectives, be careful when you follow it up with a longer phrase. - [Voiceover] For example, sharks are large, damp, and dangerous. Those are all just short, individual modifiers, as opposed to sharks are large, damp, and not to be trifled with. - [Voiceover] And look, again, we're not saying this is not a grammatical sentence. It is. And sometimes you may want to break parallel structure in order to have some sort of particular effect. If you are trying to draw attention to this last element, then, yeah, you might want to break parallel structure, but we want to make you aware that there is just a sort of general tendency towards making your sentences harmonious in this way. Baked, frosted and sprinkled, large, damp, and dangerous, you know, and then when you want to have access to that ability, to really draw attention to that last element, then you can say, "Oh, you know what? "I'm gonna make this perpendicular." (girls chuckle) Now, is perpendicularity, is that a thing that I just made up right now? Yes. Are we going with it? Maybe. (girls chuckle) - [Voiceover] Yeah, I like it. - [Voiceover] Yeah. - [Voiceover] It's not parallel. - [Voiceover] It's not parallel. - [Voiceover] It's not parallel. - [Voiceover] Well, I suppose that just about covers parallel structure. So, for one last time with Paige, you can learn anything, David out. - [Voiceover] Rosie out. - [Voiceover] Paige out. - [Voiceover] You've been a wonderful intern, Paige, we'll miss you. - [Voiceover] We'll miss you. - [Voiceover] Thank you, I'll miss you, too.