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Art of Asia
Course: Art of Asia > Unit 7
Lesson 5: 600–1200 C.E.- The Great Relief at Mamallapuram
- Shore Temple, Mamallapuram
- Durga Slays the Buffalo Demon at Mamallapuram
- The multireligious caves at Ellora
- Sacred space and symbolic form at Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho (India)
- Queen or goddess?
- Shiva as Lord of the Dance (Nataraja)
- Three Hindu gods
- Rajarajesvara temple, Tanjavur
- Hoysaleshvara temple, Halebidu
- The Buddha triumphing over Mara
- The Buddha triumphing over Mara
- Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
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Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
Compassionate and merciful
This is an image of the compassionate and merciful bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who are destined to become buddhas but postpone that final state in order to help humanity. The name Avalokiteshvara means “Lord who looks down with compassion.” Avalokiteshvara is shown here sitting on a lion throne and arrayed in jewels like a prince. Above his head is a parasol, an ancient symbol of royal status. Beside his head are lotus-borne stupas, topped with sun and crescent moons. Avalokiteshvara’s right hand is in the gesture of gift granting, and in his left hand he holds a long-stemmed lotus. In his elaborate hairdress is an image of the Buddha Amitabha. (Amitabha presides over the western Pure Land, a kind of Buddhist paradise. The worship of Amitabha became very popular in East Asian Buddhism).
Who are the smaller figures?
At Avalokiteshvara’s left knee crouches his protective attendant who holds a thunderbolt, or vajra. This figure can also appear in Hindu art as a minor incarnation of Vishnu. He typically has a fat body, disheveled hair and bulging eyes. In this context, an angry appearance can be a form of protection, rather than evil. The thunderbolt is often seen in tantric Buddhist art (sometimes called “Vajrayana” Buddhism). It alludes to the indivisible, impenetrable nature of enlightenment.
At the base of the sculpture a needle-nosed starving ghost kneels drinking nectar dripping from Avalokiteshvara’s gift-granting hand. A hungry ghost is one who suffers insatiable appetites, resulting from accumulated greed in previous lives. His presence confirms the compassionate nature of the bodhisattva.
Near the middle of the base, a monk holds the stem of the lotus on which the deity rests his foot. Behind this monk, another monk and a layperson (perhaps a woman) sit in worshipful postures. They could be the donors of the sculpture.
The inscription
The base of this sculpture is inscribed with the “Buddhist creed,” a saying commonly inscribed on Buddhist artworks. The creed can be translated as:
The Buddha has explained the cause of all things that arise from a cause.
He, the great monk, has also explained their cessation.
Learn more on the Asian Art Museum's education website.
Want to join the conversation?
- What was this image of bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara made from?(2 votes)
- In the info under the sculpture it list the medium as stone.(5 votes)