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Course: Class 10 Chemistry (India) > Unit 4
Lesson 7: Nomenclature of carbon compoundsNomenclature of carbon compounds (Including functional groups)
Let's learn how to name carbon compounds containing various functional groups such as: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acid, and Halogen groups.
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Created by Mahesh Shenoy.
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At 4.20 sir ram took the first problem where he said that it was alkalene. but the carbon was having a bond with not carbon but hydrogen. Am I wrong? If no then why did he do that?(4 votes)
Hey there...you need to understand one thing clearly - A Hydrogen atom can NEVER have a double bond with any other atom. So,the H in CH is connected to the C in CH...not to the C in CH2. Hence the two C's have a double bond between them and the compound is an alkene. I hope that gives you an idea!(7 votes)
umm Isn't there something like primary & secondary prefix??(4 votes)
Yes, there is...
Primary suffix provides the information about saturation of the organic compound. -ane,-ene,-yne fall under primary suffix.
Meanwhile, a Secondary suffix denotes the presence of a functional group. -ol,-al,-one,-oic acid fall under secondary suffix.(1 vote)
I don't understand how you can say in11:23that CHO is from the aldyhyde function group when they don't have a double bond with oxygen. Is it correct to assume that every HO bond is an aldahyde function?(1 vote)- Well see that the valency of carbon is satisfied. Let's try filling up the valency of carbon. From the structure it is quite evident that CHO has only one bond with the carbon chain, second there is a hydrogen in CHO which can only form one bond. So two bonds of carbon are already used up and 2 are remaining but here now only Oxygen is connected to Carbon. Thus, meaning that O has a double bond with C so as to satisfy it's valency. Now, draw this structure and you will find that it is non-other than the aldehyde group. Sir Ram said it was an aldehyde not based on the OH group but on the basis of CHO. Same way for efficiency chemists sometimes use COOH to denote carboxylic acid and CO for ketone. An advice for you if you ever get confused about the functional group, try to fill the valency manually.
Sorry for the long answer but I hope now you understand.(5 votes)
- At13:00, isn't the first answer methanal? why is it ethanal? there are 2 carbons, right? is methanal correct?(1 vote)
- Methanal is wrong. Meth is used to denote one Carbon. Eth is used to denote two carbons.
Hence,
(Expanded form)
CH3-C=O
...........|
...........H
is
CH3-CHO, due to two carbons it will be eth and due to single bonds between carbon atoms it will be eth+ane and lastly due to aldehyde group it will be eth+ane+al which is ethanal.(2 votes)
- Can a carbon compound have multiple functional groups?
If yes, then how can we name them according to IUPAC..?(1 vote) - How do draw the structures of compunds like 4-ethyl-3,4,5 trimethylheptanal? How do I number them in branched chains? Has a video explaining this already been made? Very helpful video btw.(1 vote)
- So I would really like to watch the video but im not able to open it(1 vote)
11:23