Box-and-whisker plots
Constructing a box-and-whisker plot Constructing a box and whisker plot to analyze data.
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- The owner of a restaurant wants to find out where his patrons are coming from
- one day he decided to gather data about the distance in miles that people commuted to get to his restaurant
- People reported the following distances traveled. So here are all the distances traveled.
- He wants to create a graph that helps him understand the spread of distances
- this is a key word, the spread of distances and the median distance, that people travel.
- What kind of graph should he create?
- So, the answer to what kind of graph he should create should be more straight forward
- than the actual creation of the graph which we will also do
- but he's trying to visualize the spread of information and at
- the same time he wants the median, so what graph captures both of that information?
- Well, a box and whisker plot! So let's try to draw a box and whisker plot!
- To draw a box and whisker plot we need to come up with the median and we'll also see the median of the two
- halves of the data as well, and whenever we try to take the median of something, it's
- really helpful to order our data.
- So let's attempt to order our data. So what is the
- smallest number here? Let's see, there's one 2, so we mark it off. And then we have another 2
- so we got all the 2's. And then we have this 3, then we have this 3. I think we got all the 3's
- And then we have that 4, and then we have this 4
- Do we have any 5's? No, do we have any 6's? Yup, we have that 6.
- And that looks like the only 6. Any 7's? Yep, we have this 7 over here. And I just realized
- I missed this 1 so I'm going to put it at the beginning of the set, actually I missed two 1's.
- Both 1's are right at the beginning of the set.
- So I have: 1's, 2's, 3's, 4's, no 5's this is one 6, one 7, one 8
- Let's see, any 9's? No 9's. Any 10's? Yep, there's a 10.
- Any 11's? Yes, we have an 11. Any 12's? Nope.
- We have 14 and 15. We also have a 20 and 22.
- So, we've ordered all our data is should be relatively straightforward to find the middle of our
- data. The median. So how many data points we have?
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
- 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
- So the middle number is the number that has 8 numbers larger than it
- and 8 numbers smaller than it. So let's think about it. One, two, three, four
- five, six, seven, eight. So the number 6 here
- is larger than eight of the values and if I did the calculations right
- it should be smaller than eight of the values, one, two, three, four
- five, six, seven, eight. So it is indeed
- it is indeed the median. Now when we take
- a box and whisker plot, the convention is we have our median and it is essentially dividing
- our data into two sets, now let's take the median of each of
- those sets, and the convetion is to take our median out and have the sets
- that are left over. Some times people leave it in, but the standard convention
- take this median out and look separately at this set and look separately at this set.
- So if we look at this first, the bottom half of our numbers essentially
- what's the median of these numbers?
- Well, we have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
- eight, data points. So we are actually gonna have two middle numbers.
- So the two middle numbers are this 2 and this 3
- three numbers less than these two and three numbers greater than them
- and so when we are looking for a median, we have this two middle numbers and we are taking the mean
- of these two numbers. So halfway between 2 and 3 is 2.5
- 2 plus 3 is 5. 5 divided by 2 is 2.5
- So here we have the median of this bottom half of 2.5.
- And then the middle of the top half, once again we have eight data points, so our
- middle two numbers are gonna be this 11 and this 14
- And so if we want to take the mean of these two numbers, 11 plus 14 is 25. Half of
- 25 is 12.5. 12.5 is exactly halfway in between 11 and 14.
- And now we have all the information we need to actually
- plot our box and whisker plot
- So let me draw a number line, so my best
- attempt at a number line. So that's my number line
- And let's say this over here is 0.
- I need to make sure I get up to 22 or beyond 22
- This is 0, this is 5, this is 10
- that could be 15, that could be 20
- this could be 25, we can keep going
- 30, maybe 35. So the first
- thing we might want to think about,there's several ways to draw it.
- We wanna think about the box part of the box and whisker
- Essentially represents the middle half of our data. So it's essentially
- trying to represent this data, right over here
- so the data between the two between the
- medians of the two halves. So this is the part we would represent
- with the box. So we would start right over here at this
- lower at this 2.5, this is essentially seperating
- the fist quartile from the second quartile, the first quarter of our numbers from the second quarter
- of our numbers. So let's put it over here, this is 2.5
- 2.5 is halfway between 0 and 5 so that's
- 2.5 and then up here we have 12.5
- and 12.5 is right over here
- It's right over here, 12.5
- This is halfway between, well halfway
- between 10 and 15 is 12.5
- 12.5 right over here, 12.5
- So that separates the third quartile from the fourth quartile
- and then our boxes, everything in between, so this is gonna be the middle half
- of our numbers, the middle half of our numbers, and we wanna
- show where the actual median is so that's actaully one of things we want to think about
- in our original.. When the owner of the restaurant
- how far people are travelling from. So the median is 6
- So we can plot it right over here
- this is about 6, that's a pink color.
- So this right over here, is 6. And then
- the whiskers of the box and whisker plot, essentially show us the range
- of our data, and so , let me do that.
- I will do it in a new color, how about orange?
- So essentially if we wanna see
- look the numbers go all the way up to 22
- this is 22 right over here, our numbers go all the way
- up to 22. Our numbers go all the way up to 22.
- And they go as low as 1
- 1 is right about here. They go as low
- as 1...
- So there you have it. We have our box and whisker plot. And you can see
- if you have a plot like this, just visually you can immediatly see
- what is the median? It is the middle of the box
- it shows the middle half, or how far spread is, the meat of the spread
- it shows beyond that, it shows the range, that goes way beyond
- that it goes. Or how far the total spread of our data
- is. So it gives us a pretty good sense of both the median and
- the spread of our data
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